Synthesis Of Aspirin

They are used commonly every day. One day in Chicago a young girl was pronounced dead seconds after taking Extra-Strength Tylenol. The Tylenol was laced with a very dangerous drug that could kill anything in a matter of minutes. Tainted capsules were recalled from all over the Country. Ever since 1982, not many people have taken painkillers the same way.

Tylenol tablets with cyanide in them killed seven people in 1982 (Lerner & Learner, 2007). This was a tragic part of history. In downtown Chicago victims bought cyanide injected tylenol bottles at five stores and 2 more bottles were found at another store (Lerner & Learner,

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the identity of an unknown active ingredient in over the counter NSAIDS. An NSAID is also called a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. These drugs are used for pain management and reducing inflammation without containing steroids. NSAIDS work by reducing the production of prostaglandins in the body. Prostaglandins are chemicals in the body that promote inflammation.

We then added 10cm3 ethanoic anhydride to the salicylic acid and swirled the contents, this mixes together the two chemicals. We then added 5 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to the flask and thoroughly swirled the mixture, this creates the solution that makes the aspirin. We then warmed the flask for 20 minutes in a 400cm3 beaker of hot water which was approximately 60°C, we made sure the flask did not go above 65°C because this could have caused the contents to evaporate. Part 2: Using a 25cm3 measuring cylinder we measured out 15cm3 of ethanol into a boiling tube and then prepared a beaker half filled with hot water at approx. 75°C, we got this temperature by filling the beaker with cold water and slowly adding boiling water from a kettle until we reached the right temperature.

O stretch, 1701 cm-1 (sh, s); and sp2-sp2, aromatic, C= C stretch (in ring), 1507 cm-1 (s, m). Formation of Diastereomeric Salts: 30 mL of 0.25 M sodium hydroxide was added to the flask that contained the crude ibuprofen. This flask was heated to 85°C with the addition of 0.9 mL of S-(-)-α-phenethylamine (d=0.94 g/mL, 6.981 mmol).

This discovery has improved many lives and was huge advancement in the pharmacological world. Pharmaceutical Innovations that Resulted from the Discovery (e.g. improved drugs that subsequently became

Sir Humphrey Davy was a chemist in the 1800`s who later was known for inventing laughing gas. He worked for a surgeon at age 19 then went to Bristol to study science. There he investigated gases. He

INTRODUCTION In Prenatal exposure to alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, and aspirin: Effects on fine and gross motor performance in 4-year-old children, 449 exposed children were studied. The purpose of this study was to measure the teratogenic effects alcohol, tobacco, aspirin and caffeine exposure have on the motor skills in four year olds. It studies four of the most commonly used and abused substances among pregnant women, mainly focusing on alcohol (Barr, Streissguth, Darby, & Sampson, 1990). This study does conclude that the embryonic stage of pregnancy is the time when the development is extremely susceptible to harm (Barr et al., 1990).

The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The methanol extract of seeds of Helianthus annuus were screened for analgesic activity in mice model to systematically explore the medicinal values of the plant. Acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate methods were used to confirm the central and peripheral analgesic action. The extract at dose 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed attenuated writhing inhibition at 50.35% and 57.85% in case of acetic acid-induced writhing test which showed significant analgesic activity (p< 0.05). In the hot plate method increase (p < 0.05) of latency period was also observed in comparison to standard aspirin.

It is type of condensation reaction, which involve the condensation of acidic anhydride and aldehyde in the presence of weak base (i.e. Sodium and potassium salt of the acid or trimethylamine) to give unsaturated carboxylic acid.(Equation-1)[1].In 1968 Perkin described the very first example of such type condensation reaction, involve the synthesis of coumarin by condensing the sodium or potassium salt of salicylaldehyde with acetic anhydride (Equation-2)[2].Generally such type of reaction is only applicable to aromatic aldehyde and useful for the preparation of substituted cinnamic acid (Equation-3)[3] Equation-1 Equation-2 Equation-3 In 1883.A very important variation is done by plӧchl, which involve the heating of benzaldehyde

Every 15 seconds U.S. poison control centers are called about a poisoning incident. 40% of these calls involve children younger than 3 years and in 75% of these cases the poison was ingested (Gutierrez, J., Negrón, J., & García-Fragoso, L. (2011). The poisonings involve items found in most homes, such as prescription drugs, cosmetics, and cleaning supplies Most poisonings are preventable and happen in the home with the parent present. Fortunately, deaths from pediatric poisonings have decreased significantly over the decades due to the introduction of child-resistant packaging, product reformulations, and professional poison control systems. However, non-lethal, accidental medication overdoses have been increasing due to the rising availability

We all consume sugar in one form or another on a daily basis, the consumption of too much sugar can lead to health problems though. Artificial sweeteners a in almost any food product such as beverages, ice cream, chocolate, chewing gum, jams, yogurt and salad dressings. The first artificial sweetener, saccharin, was synthesized in 1879 and was well accepted during World Wars I and II, due to the scarceness of sugar and its low production costs. The motive for consumption, however, has shifted from cost reduction to calorie reduction. A profitable market for low calorie diet products evolved; artificial sweeteners were substituted for sugar, leading to the manufacturing and marketing of diet products.

Aims The aim of this experiment was to synthesis acetaminophen from 4-aminophenol and acetic anhydride. The crude synthesised acetaminophen was then compared to USP grade acetaminophen by some tests. Both of these acetaminophen undergoes infrared spectroscopy, melting point, ultraviolet spectrum, thin layer chromatography and residual free 4-aminophenol testes. Physical properties of ten tablets of 500mg panadol were measured by using vernier callipers and analytical balance.

1. Describe the principal, advantage and limitation of every diagnostic test to detect H.pylori.(1, 2) Test Principal Advantage Limitation Rapid urease test In the presence of H. pylori urease, urea is metabolized to ammonia and bicarbonate resulting in an increase in pH, which changes the color of a pH-sensitive indicator. Tests for active H. pylori infection; >90% sensitivity and specificity.

While World War II was occurring, scientists and doctors were discovering and inventing new medical advances to help soldiers who were fighting in the war. Some of the most helpful medicines today were invented during World War II. These include sulfanilamide, penicillin, atabrine, plasma, and morphine. Sulfanilamide and penicillin proved very useful for their ability to kill deadly, harmful bacteria. “Sulfanilamide was first mass distributed in 1936 to fight not only strep infections but also meningitis and pneumonia, which had been killing and weakening tens of thousands of