PHAR1101– Drugs that Changed the World DRUG DISCOVERY PIONEERS EXERCISE This exercise requires you to conduct library-based research into a pioneering researcher who helped discover and develop an important drug. Please choose a pioneer from the Table on page 14 of the PHAR1101 Handbook. Perform background research on your pioneer and then write your answers in the blank squares below. Submit your Report via LMS by Friday Oct 9. Word Limit = 1,000 words Name of Pioneer: (first name, family name, nicknames, etc) Howard Florey Date and Location of Birth (e.g. in which town, state and country was the pioneer born) Howard Florey was born on the 24th of September 1898, in Malvern, Adelaide, Australia. Any Relevant Family History (e.g. …show more content…
The Main Scientific Breakthrough for which the Pioneer is Remembered (e.g. new drug or drug class, new mechanism of drug action, etc) Howard Florey is remembered for the development of Penicillin into a useful treatment, which was one of the greatest breakthroughs in the antibiotic era. Diseases that Became Treatable Following the Breakthrough (main health condition affected by the discovery) The main type of diseases that penicillin treats are bacterial based diseases/illnesses such as pneumonia, syphilis, scarlet fever and strep throat to name a few. How the Discovery Changed Clinical Practice (i.e. duration of illness decreased, treated as outpatients versus inpatients, etc) This discovery enabled doctors to treat patients more efficiently and proved to be a miracle drug as it was able to treat illnesses that previously had poor or no available treatments. This discovery has improved many lives and was huge advancement in the pharmacological world. Pharmaceutical Innovations that Resulted from the Discovery (e.g. improved drugs that subsequently became
Several great scientists and doctors discovered a myriad of new cures and technologies to correlate with the prevention of sickness and disease. The practice of medicine also has become more advanced and reliable. One of the most prominent inventions during this time was the invention of the iron lung. The iron lung was created by Philip Drinker in 1928 and caused many lives to be saved. The machine works by having a patient lie within a chamber and pulls air in and out of the lungs.
Florey and his colleagues at Oxford developed the antibiotic use for the penicillium mold however because Britain was under siege, they did not grant any funding or support. This lead to Florey and his colleagues going to the US for help which they gladly offered. The US gladly granted it and Florey and his colleagues began testing and eventually came up with an antibiotic. They began testing in 1942 and a year later, it entered the war. It was a game-changer because it was universal to many infections and later on, became cheap and abundant.
After he found the cause of infection, Lister began to find ways to prevent infection. He had read about a chemical called carbolic acid that was poured on fertilizer to stop the spread of disease. Unfortunately, carbolic acid was so strong that it could burn skin, so Lister had to mix it with water to prevent it from harming the patient too much. The first time he used carbolic acid was on an eleven-year-old boy who had broken his leg. Lister covered the boy’s leg with a cloth covered in carbolic acid and the wound healed with no infection.
Louis Pasteur A chemist, innovator, and microbiologist, Louis Pasteur brought forth a wide number of accomplishments; large and small. A list of the most renowned achievements includes the discovery and invention of pasteurization, vaccines for both rabies and anthrax, and germ theory; all significant advances in the world of science. Beginning his life in the commune of Dole, located in France, Louis was now a part of the Pasteur family. He was described as an average student by his teachers in his early times, although having an artistic talent.
The possibilities were endless, and everyone was in awe of Dr. Smith's accomplishment. Years went by, and Dr. Smith's creation became the most widely used substance on the planet. It had revolutionized the world in ways that no one could have imagined. Dr. Smith had become a legend, and his name would always be remembered in the annals of science.
Alexander Fleming realized when Staphylococcus (a certain bacteria) was contaminated by a mold which is Penicillium fungi and when he was observing all the bacteria cells that was closest to the molds were dying. Staphylococcus is a group of bacteria that causes a number of disease as a result of the infection of various tissues in the body. With further testing, Alexander Fleming realized that the mold was creating a bacteria destroying substance, which he called penicillin. Although his
Scientific, and Medical advance have made it possible for more people to fight off diseases and bring back more of our troops from the war. Medical and scientific advance just keep getting more advance by the minute new discoveries are made, new vaccine are being developed to help save thousands of lives that could be under the risk of becoming infected, also new scientific transplants are being performed. Medical and scientific advances also help benefited the American economy during the postwar. A man that saved thousands of lives with his research and studies to develop a vaccine came about in the 1950’s.
Since the beginning of time people have suffered from illnesses and diseases. How they were treated depended on the resources and time period the individual became ill in. Overtime, people have been able to learn from these illnesses and make many medical advancements. These advancements helped to diagnose and treat the patients they had effectively. One of the main people who made a big effect on medicine, along with creating the theories and practices that are still used today, is Hippocrates.
The war also affected the mass production of penicillin. The military had no other way of treating infection quickly or any other wounds so it was vital for penicillin to be abundant. All in all this time was one of the most influential time during technology and all other advancements in the current time. Could imagine life without the things we have today? Bird, Kai, and Martin J. Sherwin. "
He sat down and began to cry because he no funds left. An African American Male walked by and paid the charges. He never introduced himself. When Thurman wrote his autobiography, he dedicated it "to the stranger in the railroad station in Daytona Beach who restored my broken dream sixty-five years ago." Howard Thurman was raised by his grandmother who had been enslaved, He was born and raised in Daytona beach Florida.
In 1943, Albert Schatz, a young microbiologist began working under a pioneering scientist named Selman Waksman. He would spend up to 18 hours a day looking for an antibiotic under his microscope. After 3 months of studying on October 19th, he discovered streptomycin, an antibiotic that seemed to be a miracle cure for tuberculosis. He gave the first dose to his mother. This was very exciting for people all over the country.
Have you ever really thought about how the iPhone was invented? First the Motorola DynaTAC, then the Nokia phone, then flip phones, then to QWERTY phones, and then to the iPhone invented by Steve Jobs. Perhaps the invention of the iPhone was influenced by the quote from Helen Keller, a blind and deaf woman that traveled the world raising awareness for the blind and fighting to solve social issues (Nielsen 2007), who said, “College isn’t the place to go for ideas.” The quote literally means that when you go to college you learn to look at things in a different perspective but at the same time learning new information.
This time was symbolized with revolutionary inventions in radiology, microbiology, and biochemistry, which all had potential to be implemented in practical medicine. An article that illustrates this is the review by Steve Blevins and Michael Bronze that they have dedicated to the "Father of Clinical Microbiology" Robert Koch. The review named "Robert Koch and the Golden Age of Bacteriology", as well as Stanley Joel Reiser's "Medicine and the Reign of Technology" closely studies how Koch's discoveries of the direct relations of diseases and specific infectious agents have introduced principles of lab bacteriology into clinical
They invented gunpowder, an air conditioner, and porcelain. A lot of the medical techniques that they used led to the medical techniques that humans use today. A lot of the medicine that they used is still used in
The discoveries that Pasteur made were very significant. According to my reading, “it triggered a hunt for pathogens: within 20