NURSING THEORIES
AND HOW IT APPLIES TO THE CLINICAL AREA
BY
TRACEY WILLIAMS: ID# 2015060069
TABLE OF CONTENTS
. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Definitions
4. Characteristics of a Useful Theory
5. Importance of a Useful Theory
6. Evolution of Nursing Theories & Application
7. Characteristics of Theories
8. Purpose of Nursing Theories in Practice
9. Different Theory used in Nursing
10. Three nursing theorist selected, for their contribution of Nursing & Application to the clinical area.
11. Conclusion
_ 12. References
INTRODUCTION
Theories are a set of interrelated concepts that give a systematic view of a phenomenon (an observable fact or event) that is explanatory & predictive in nature.
Theories are composed of concepts, definitions,
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Later in last century nursing began with a strong emphasis on practice.
Following that came the curriculum era which addressed the questions about what the nursing students should study in order to achieve the required standard of nursing.
As more and more nurses began to pursue higher degrees in nursing, there emerged the research era.
Later graduate education and masters education was given much importance.
The development of the theory era was a natural outgrowth of the research era.
With an increased number of researches it became obvious that the research without theory produced isolated information; however research and theory produced the nursing sciences.
Within the contemporary phase there is an emphasis on theory use and theory based nursing practice and lead to the continued development of the
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It was created to help with nursing education, so it most applicable in that area. The nursing model is intended to guide care in hospitals, but can be applied to community nursing, as well. The model has interrelated concepts of health and nursing problems, as well as problem-solving, which is an activity inherently logical in nature. Abdellah 's theory identifies ten steps to identify the patient 's problem and 11 nursing skills used to develop a treatment typology.
Faye Glenn Abdellah’s Theory 21 Nursing Questions The twenty-one nursing problems fall into three categories: physical, sociological, and emotional needs of patients; types of interpersonal relationships between the patient and nurse; and common elements of patient care.
The needs of patients are divided into four categories: basic to all patients, sustenal care needs,
These viewpoints have importance for medicine as well as for nursing or other health professions. The complete practice of human caring theory is most fully realized in a nursing theory because nursing allows for the constant caring factor that medicine does not have;
As nurses, we continue to gain knowledge and skills within our area of practice. We use theories to help us build concepts or ideas in gathering information, explaining relationships and demonstrating experiences of development. Theories vary in their level of abstraction and scope. Nursing theories are beneficial in helping us to understand, organize our thoughts and influence practice and research. Nursing theory has three distinct types to describe the level of abstraction:
The purpose of this theory, being to define both nurse and patient roles and nursing as a profession, is seen as a strength of the self-care deficit nursing theory. Level of Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory A grand theory is defined as one that is relatively broad and complicated (McEwen & Wills, 2014). Dorothea Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory fits this definition of
Philosophy of Nursing Everyone’s values and beliefs about the profession of nursing are all different. The four concepts of nursing are interrelated and all mean something different to every person, too. Throughout this paper, I will be reflecting on my values and beliefs about nursing through the four concepts while comparing them to a nursing theorist with views that are most similar to my own.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Berman, A., Kozier, B., Snyder, S., & Frandsen, G. (2015). Kozier & Erb 's fundamentals of nursing: Concepts process and practice (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Education.
The practice of nursing evolves daily from theories and philosophies that are proven by researchers, resulting in growth of the medical profession and advanced evidence based knowledge. Philosophies According to Alligood (2014b), philosophies are specific theories that focus on one or more metaparadigm concepts in a wide spectrum philosophical way (p. 43). For a person to understand philosophies it is required to understand the knowledge type, metaparadigms. Metaparadigm Metaparadigm is the vast perspective of a discipline and a way to describe a concern specifically to a profession or department (Alligood, 2014b, p.42).
(2018). Nursing theorists and their work (9th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. British Broadcasting Corporation. (n.d.).
It is created through analysis of research and construction of concepts and theories (Busso, Poles, & Monteiro da Cruz, 2014). Concept analysis serve a purpose within theory development as it represents continuation of knowledge in nursing profession. When theories and concepts are developed, it must be practiced in a clinical setting to validate research. The caring concept applies to Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring as it creates an environment for healing, bonding, and improving patient outcomes. The concept of caring depicts the attitude of the nurse and the inclination given to meet the needs of the patient from emotional or physical standpoints (Emerson, 2017).
According to Patricia Benner, one of the nursing theorists, the five-step nursing model determines excellence, and power in clinical nursing practice. Dr. Patricia initially introduced the concept that expert nurses develop intellectual skills and patients understanding through a sound and stable educational base in addition to work experience. The theory is one of the essential frameworks for assessing the crucial nurse needs at the various level of professional development (Bezuidenhouk, 1982). Most importantly the argument does not include an emphasis on how to be a nurse instead it emphasizes on how nurses acquire relevant knowledge through experience and hard work. As argued by Benner the best form of learning is through experience as well as situation bases.
Nursing Theorists and their Theory 1.Florence Nightingale- Nightingale’s theory of the Environment is mainly focused on the environment, she believed that, the environment has a great importance that can be used to improve and encourage healing. With proper ventilation, clean air, lack of noise , proper lighting, and adequate elimination of waste. Are a few factors she believed and can be observed and maintained. 2.Sister Calista Roy- Roy’s Theory is based on, in which the individual views biopsychosocial being, in which a person adapt with the constant change of the environment.
The Purpose of The Theory The purpose of Henderson’s theory is to give the principles that help construct practice and to generate further nursing knowledge. Considering doing so, it helps nurses to understand their purpose and role in nursing in the healthcare setting. Henderson believes that the unique function of the nurse is to help the person sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (to a peaceful death) that he would do unaided if he had the strength, will or knowledge.
Nursing theories have an impact on nursing practice as they
1.Introduction In this assignment, I will reflect on my two practical days in the ward. We were assigned to experience certain wards and had to complete a set of objectives. It was important to work hand in hand with the nursing students and qualified nurses in order to understand what the processes are regarding the patients outside of the Radiography department. I will explain how these patients’ needs will be met when they arrive in the Radiography department.
in my opinion, the nursing paradigm is like the foundation of a building. There are two nursing paradigm; the empirical paradigm and the interpretive paradigm. The empirical paradigm is based on assumption that the knowledge development through sense observations of the existing world as well as helps in providing a structure for the testing of theory, and the comparison of interventions (Quantitative nursing research) while the interpretive paradigm facilitates the understanding of the human experience as in qualitative nursing research. I think in nursing practice, paradigms are not fixed concepts; paradigms are real tools used in the daily practice of nursing. These two types of nursing paradigms give the validity for impacting in nursing
Complexity • Thirteen sub-concepts are to be there in Nightingale’s theory. • The outcomes of application of the theory is patient will remain free of disease by means of healthy environment (Nightingale, 1859). d. Generality • The purpose of the theory is to provide a proper guideline to the nurses through the manipulations to the environment, in order for the patient to receive care and conquer positive health changes. •