a) Evaluate the European Monetary system. (12)
The European Monetary System was an arrangement between European countries which tried to control the exchange rate by linking their currencies to one another. The main aim was to stabilize prices and exchange rate between European countries. European Monetary system archived stability of exchange rate and lower inflation rate. However, continued differences in economic growth rate between member countries lead to trade imbalances. The basic elements of the European Monetary System were exchange rate were agreed in the interval of plus or minus 2.25 percent with a wider range of plus or minus 6 percent, an Exchange rate mechanism, an extension of European credit facility and the European monetary
…show more content…
The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 pushed for a single currency within members as the exchange rate was being aligned. The treaty resulted in the Economic and monetary Union (EU) a central feature of the European Monetary System is a common unit of currency which was determined by weighing averages contributions of participating members made by pooling amounts of member nations ' currency, Evrensel (2013).
b) Explore the advantages and disadvantages of the gold standard system. (8)
Gold standard is a monetary system where a unit of a currency is measured at a fixed quantity of Gold, Michael (2008).
Advantages
i. It controls or acts as a limit for government or central banks in the issuance of paper currency this result in price stability. Inflation is low under gold standard as the money supply should match the gold supply, Michael (2008). ii. The international trade has some assurance that the exchange rates are kept at a fixed rate and thus reducing uncertainty in international trade. iii. It does not allow savers to earn a return below the inflation
…show more content…
Multinational Corporations and host country have a working relationship which can be affected by political events in the host nation. Political events such as stability, elections and change of government can either bring positive or negative effects on the Multinational Corporations. When there is political instability in a host nation the local operations can be closed or suspended. Examples that can be cited in Zimbabwe are that of Johnson and Johnson which closed its operations in Zimbabwe and the recent announcement by Standard Chartered that some companies cannot transfer large United States Dollars amounts outside
At the end of World War II, Western European powers sought political stability after a period of turmoil and devastation. Germany was divided into two spheres of influence: East Germany, controlled by the Soviet Union, and West Germany, controlled by the Allies. Western Europe attempted to unify in the post-war economy, and various views arose regarding this potential unity. The unification of Western Europe was met with opinions that were largely motivated by a nation’s own economic and political interests.
Meaning that this would help the U.S. In producing a more stable operation of make paper money. Making the U.S. economy more stronger and could build the U.S.
This gives government the ability to keep a steady balance in the economy. Another way the federal government can regulate money is by the monetary policy, which gives the government the ability to manipulate the money supply. As long as this power isn 't abused it can help restore order in the economy. Use what you’ve learned about the structure of Russia’s government and the power of its branches to describe how public
economy if Bryan had been elected in the 1896 election. The gold standard only allowed gold to be struck as legal dollar coins. There is only a limited supply of gold in the world which caused a limited money supply in the United States, but the population was still growing steadily, meaning less money per person. The gold standard maintained the purchasing power of the dollar which favored investors, creditors, and debt collectors, but it made it almost impossible for debtors to pay back what they owed because there is not enough money in circulation throughout the economy. Bryan believed coining silver and gold would encourage inflation and increase the money supply, helping the masses of the country who owed money to pay off their debts and would stimulate the economy by pumping money into it.
Between 1876 and 1896 Congress had to deal with four major issues, along with other issues. The four major issues included tariffs, currency, civil service, and government regulation of railroads. While dealing with these issues they had to put into consideration their needs, the peoples needs, and what makes a healthy government. The issue of tariffs made Congress decide wether to raise or lower tariffs. The two parties, Democrats and Republicans, did not see eye to eye on this issue.
The stability of prices help maintain purchasing power of the United States dollar, and interest rates. In other words, the Federal Reserve is responsible for validating that the United States has an appropriate banking system, and a stable
The European Union is currently undergoing economic struggles within its countries. Since joining the EU, Greece’s
Many countries who received gold should have lowered their rates, but they didn’t because they were nervous it would put their gold at
The government has many different roles throughout history and today. They had a very different role during westward expansion than today. Capitalism is a mostly non controlling government so you would have a lot of freedom and choice. The proper role of government is support the growing country and to spread capitalism.
Introduction Money, its function, Federal Reserve, its role in U.S. economy such as money supply, Bitcoins, and its role in U.S. economy is the backbone of the U.S. economy in the current market. As soon as you heard the word economy you know it is all about money, market, demand, supply, price, government policies, government role, business (local/international), and many other economic factors. Function of money Money is useful in any economy because it has many universal functions such as medium of exchange, unit of value, the standard for deferred payments, and store of value. A medium of exchange: Money acts a medium of exchange in our society, which is the key function of it.
The Fedral Reserve published a document entitled "Modern Money Mechanics" which details the practice of money creation as utilized by the Federal Reserve and its web of global commercial banks it supports. on the opening page it states "the purpose of this booklet is to describe the basic process of money creation in a fractional reserve banking system. " they then use various banking terminology to describe this process. a translation of which goes like this.
“The bank is trying to kill me, Sir, but I shall kill it”, Jackson” as he said to the Vice President Martin Van Buren as he reacted to the charter. Yet, trying to make the value of gold and silver equivalent to paper is not really a great idea. Today right now, gold and silver is worth millions of dollars. Eventually, people are going to notice that it is going to get more difficult to find gold and silver. Trying to make them the same value would of be crazy difficult.
However, although this resulted on countries being more diplomatic and did allow an increase in trade, warfare did not end here. It was only after World War II in 1944 that the western economies gathered at the Bretton Woods Conference, to create a new international monetary and financial order, with the IMF and World Bank acting as political drivers to promote macro-economic integration. The two international institutions aided in the acceleration of regional integration and a global market place. It was the continuous development and success of reducing barriers internationally and promoting trade by both the Kennedy round, 1963, and the Tokyo round, 1975, that the Uruguay round in 1993, was developed, creating the GATT (presently known as WTO); established to liberalize international trade on the principle of non-discrimination and elimination of trade barriers by multilateral negotiations (Neaumann, 2009).
Multinational corporations can be defined as enterprises operating in several countries but are managed from their home country. Generally, any company that acquires a quarter of its revenue from operations outside of its home country is considered to be a multinational corporation. Today the multinational corporations have a radical effect on the economic system all over the world. This is due to the growth of international business of the multinationals, which has tremendous effect on the traditional forms of international trade and capital flows for economies at large. In the world economy they create a powerful force.
ROLE OF MONEY IN MACROECONOMICS 1. Introduction Money can be seen as the medium of exchange which is acceptable while transaction is being undertaken between two parties. Some of the common forms of money are: - Commodity money: This is when the value of the good represents its value in terms of money like gold or silver. - Fiat money: This is when the value of the good is less than the value it represents - Bank money: It is the accounting credits that can be used by the depositor Money serves a variety of crucial functions in the economy and this is why it has gained an unparalleled influence in the matters of economy at micro as well as macro levels. Some of the features of money that make it so important for any economy are as follows: