Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report

This addition aids in controlling the reproducibility and retention. Separation of the mixture via RP-HPLC can be done using continuous gradient or stepwise to move out the sample components. For every separation, the ideal gradient and volume must be

The colour of each test tube was recorded and if proteins were present that was recorded for each test tube. Finally, the pH was recorded for each sample using pH

The mobile phase used was a mixture of ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile at a ratio of 400:600. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was maintained, and the detection wavelength was 292 nm (22). The required studies were carried out to estimate the precision and accuracy of the HPLC method and were found to be within limits [percent coefficient of variation was less than 15%]. Sample preparation briefly involved 0.4 μ membrane filter through which the sample was filtered, diluted with mobile phase, and 10 μL was spiked into

If there is a color change, then it is known that protein is present in the solution. Finally, lipids are tested. 5 mL of water are added to 5 mL of oil. 5 drops of Sudan 3 are added, and if the color changes, then lipids are present. Next, the McMush is tested.

The investigation was carried out to identify the presence or absence of biological molecules in serum 2216. If the concentration in each test tube of the dilutions carried out will be more concentrated then the concentration of the test tube before it, then the color will be at an equal concentration with the other dilutions performed. The hypothesis was wrong because of the difference in concentrations due to the different measurements within the dilutions done. The test for starch was to add a drop of iodine solution to the pipette in the spotting tile. A reducing sugar solutions is add inside a test tube with 3 drops to then add 3 drops of benedicts and plane in a water bath.

Solutions for GPC analysis were prepared by dissolving the samples in an acetic acid buffer solution (0.3 mol L-1) / sodium acetate (0.2 mol L-1) at pH 4.5, to achieve a concentration of 5.0 mg.mL-1. Solutions were kept under stirring for 3 days until complete solubilization and then filtered using a 0.45 μm membrane before analysis. Two columns in series: SB-803 HQ and SB-805-HQ (Shodex, Tokyo, Japan) with sizes of 8 mm x 300 mm and flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1 were used for the analysis of the samples. Standards of pullulan with molecular weight in the range of 6.2 kDa to 805 kDa were used to build the calibration

Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes.

TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.

INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.

Introduction : Liposomes were discovered in the early 1960 by Bangham and colleagues (Bangham et al., 1965 ) and subsequently became the most extensively explored drug delivery system. Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicle in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer mainly composed of natural or synthetic phospholipids. A liposome can be formed at a variety of sizes as uni-lamellar or multi-lamellar construction, and its name relates to its structural building blocks, phospholipids, and not to its size. Liposomes are artificially prepared vesicles made of lipid bilayer.

Column chromatography set-up After setting up the column, 2 10-ml of the chosen solvent was obtained and was placed in two separate test tubes. Using a dropper, ~0.5 mL of the food dye was put into the column by dropping it at the side of the column in a circular motion. The chosen solvent was then added just after the green food

Introduction The term chromatography actually means colour writing, and signifies a technique by which the substance to be examined is placed in a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent, the different segments of the substance traveling through the adsorbent at distinctive rates of velocity, according to their degree of attraction to it, and producing bands of colour at different levels of the adsorption column. The substances least absorbed emerge earliest; those more strongly absorbed emerge later. (Wixom et al., 2011) In chromatography of all types, there is a mobile phase and a stationary phase.

DETERMINATION OF PERCENTAGE ETHANOL IN BEVERAGES 1. Introduction to Gas Chromatography Gas chromatography is a very powerful separation technique for compounds that are reasonably volatile. The components of a sample partitions into two phases, the 1st of these phases is a immobile bed with a great surface area, and the other is a gas phase that permeates through the immobile bed. The sample is evaporated and passed by the mobile gas phase or the carrier gas through the column. Samples separates into the stationary liquid phase, based on their solubilities at the given temperature.

Synopsis This experiment is the determination of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) content in toothpaste with the use of back titration while demonstrating quantitative transfer of solids and liquids. A accurately weighed quantity of toothpaste was dissolved in excess volumes of HCl. This solution is then titrated with NaOH to find the volume of the excess HCl. The volume of HCl reacted, which is found by substracting the volume of given HCl with the volume of excess HCl reacted, can be further manipulated with mole fractions to find the mass of CaCO3 and thus the CaCO3 content in toothpastes.

(2004) with some modifications. Briefly, 10 µL of liver homogenate were mixed with 90 µL of low melting point agarose (0.7% in PBS) at 37 ºC and loaded on a fully frosted slide coated with 110 µl of normal melting point agarose (1% in PBS). Then this slide was coverslipped and the agarose layer was left 10 min at 4 °C to solidify. The cover slip was removed and the previous step was repeated for 5 min at 4 ºC. The slides were placed for 2 hrs at 4 °C in a lysis buffer containing (2.5 mol/L NaCl, 100 mmol/L Na2EDTA, 10 mmol/L Tris, [pH 10] and a freshly prepared 1% Triton X-100 and 10% Dimethyl sulfoxide were added to the buffer just before use). Next, slides were covered and incubated for 20 min at 4 °C with electrophoresis alkaline buffer containing (300 mmol/L NaOH, 1 mmol/L Na2EDTA