2. Experimental Part 2.1 Materials Starting deacetylated chitosans (Mws, 129.4 and 236.7 kDa) were prepared as described previously by Tiera et al. [27] from commercial chitosan (degree of deacetylation (DD) 86 %) purchased from Polymar (Fortaleza, Brazil). 2-Chloro-N,N-diethylethylamine hydrochloride (DEAE), folic acid, sodium acetate, acetic acid, dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), N- hydroxylsuccinimide (NHS), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. All solvents were reagent grade and used as received. Spectra/Pore membranes (Spectrum) were employed for dialysis. Sjogren syndrome antigen (SSB, GenBank accession number NM_009278)-targeted siRNA was provided by Merck and Co, Inc, (West Point, USA). TNF--targeted siRNA …show more content…
Solutions for GPC analysis were prepared by dissolving the samples in an acetic acid buffer solution (0.3 mol L-1) / sodium acetate (0.2 mol L-1) at pH 4.5, to achieve a concentration of 5.0 mg.mL-1. Solutions were kept under stirring for 3 days until complete solubilization and then filtered using a 0.45 μm membrane before analysis. Two columns in series: SB-803 HQ and SB-805-HQ (Shodex, Tokyo, Japan) with sizes of 8 mm x 300 mm and flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1 were used for the analysis of the samples. Standards of pullulan with molecular weight in the range of 6.2 kDa to 805 kDa were used to build the calibration …show more content…
After 4 hours, the culture medium was removed and cells were treated with 200 μL of nanoparticles containing an amount of 5 μg of siRNA-TNF- plus 200 μL of incomplete AMEM medium added without FBS and PS. Cells treated with 200 μL of free siRNA were used as a negative control. After 3 hours of incubation at 37 °C, the medium was removed and the cells received 1 ml of complete medium with 10 % FBS and 1 % PS and incubated for 48 hours. After this time, the medium was removed and a new complete medium containing 100 ng / ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added [30]. After 24 hours, the medium was removed and stored for TNF-α protein concentration analysis using the Elisa quantikine immunoassay kit for mouse TNF-α (R & D Systems, Minneapolis, USA ), following the manufacturer's instructions. Cells were washed with cold phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) and lysed with lysis buffer for the determination of total protein concentration using the bicinchoninic acid-based BCA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA), with bovine serum albumin (BSA) standard according to the manufacturer's instructions. The transfection efficiency is given by the ratio of the concentration of TNF-α (in pg) to the total proteins (in
In vitro: Treatment of MM cells with SRT1720 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in MM cells resistant to bortezomib therapy without significantly affecting the viability of normal cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that anti-MM activity of SRT1720 is associated with activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, poly(ADP) ribose
The purpose of this lab is to observe the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal. When the substances are reacted over water, the products produced are a salt in aqueous solution and a gas. While the salt remains in the water as part of a solution, the gas produced will float to the top. Though water vapor pressure will affect the pressure of the gas in the eudiometer, it is possible to apply Dalton’s law of partial pursues to find the dry pressure of the gas. When the dry pressure is determined, the volume of the gas at STP can then be determined and what the experimental volume of one mole of the gas would be at STP.
It was determined that sample #15 did not contain N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase. Sample #15 concentration was determined to be 4.7 mg/mL. INTRODUCTION Aside from the cellular role proteins have numerous uses ranging from cosmetics to clinical applications (1). To successfully add on to the current uses of proteins, successful separation and location of proteins must be performed. One method to achieve this is through column chromatography.
1. How pure is your sample? When analysing our sample under UV light we could see if our sample was pure. We labelled the sample with 1= which was our sample, 2= the pure aspirin sample, 3= the salicylic acid.
2. The several types of plasma proteins are albumins, which not only provides the most osmotic pressure, but it is also the most plentiful protein; globulins, which are split into three subgroups (alpha, beta, and gamma), are utilized to move substances throughout the blood and with help from white blood cells, act as antibodies to fend off diseases. Fibrinogens are primarily inactive, however
Leah Romero 10/30/2017 Conclusion Lab 3 Chem 102L In lab 3, fundamentals of chromatography, the purpose was to examine how components of mixtures can be separated by taking advantage of different in physical properties. A huge process in this lab was paper chromatography, which was used to isolate food dyes that are found in different drink mixes. The different chromatograms of FD&C dyes were compared to identify which dyes are present in each of the mixes.
INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.
I am writing to strongly recommend the promotion of Nicolas Sluis-Cremer, Ph.D., to the rank of Professor of Medicine with tenure in the Investigator-Educator track. Dr. Sluis-Cremer’s accom-plishments as a biochemist, translational scientist, and educator are exceptional and most deserving of promotion to this rank. Dr. Sluis-Cremer’s academic training and record of research, teaching, mentoring and service are thoroughly reviewed below. Training and Faculty Record Dr. Sluis-Cremer received his Ph.D. in Biophysics and Biochemistry in 1997 from the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. From 1998 to 2001, he completed a Postdoctoral Fellowship with Michael A. Parniak, Ph.D., at the McGill University AIDS Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented by N.V.V.S.S. Raman et al. (2012). AMSs were determined by GC–MS method using GSBP-INOWAX (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) column. Temperature program was set by maintaining at 100 °C initially for 3 min, then rised to 220 °C at the rate of 15 °C/min and maintained at 220 °C for 16 min. N,N-dimethyl formamide was used as diluent.
Experiment #7: Column Chromatography of Food Dye Arianne Jan D. Tuozo Mr. Carlos Edward B. Santos October 12, 2015 Abstract Column chromatography is the separation of mixture’s components through a column. Before proceeding with the column chromatography itself, a proper solvent system must be chosen among the different solvents. The green colored food dye is the mixture whose components are separated.
In order to compare the adjuvant activity of compound mucosal immune adjuvant (cMIA), two novel compound adjuvants (cMIA I and cMIA II) were prepared and mixed with Newcastle-disease (ND) vaccine. The humoral and cellular immune responses were determined by means of hemagglutination inhibition test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemical examination and histological examination. The results showed that two compound adjuvants could promote CD3+ T lymphocytes, IgA secreting cells, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) and Mast cells formation and enhance serum and content antibody titer. The best adjuvant activity of cMIA II in promoting cellular immunity and cMIA I in enhancing humoral immunity occurred in whole immune period. Based on good synergistic effects of their components, two cMIAs would be expected as new-type mucosal immune adjuvants for mucosal immune.
Introduction The term chromatography actually means colour writing, and signifies a technique by which the substance to be examined is placed in a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent, the different segments of the substance traveling through the adsorbent at distinctive rates of velocity, according to their degree of attraction to it, and producing bands of colour at different levels of the adsorption column. The substances least absorbed emerge earliest; those more strongly absorbed emerge later. (Wixom et al., 2011) In chromatography of all types, there is a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
Various assays have been devised to evaluate apoptosis at several points of the cascade. Based on the methodology, the commonly used assays can be classified into the following groups: 1. Changes in cell morphology: morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and changes in plasma membrane occur. Each of these changes can be quantified using Flow Cytometry. For example, the forward scatter parameter reduces on cell shrinkage while nuclear condensation causes an increase in side scatter.
Cell viability assay: Introduction. Methods in Molecular Biology 740: 1-6. ThermoFisher Scientific. [Internet].
All the tools available by the mid-1980s enabled researchers to assess the expression of cytokines in physiological and pathological