Nucleophilic Substitution Lab Report

C4564 Description: IC50: 3-AP is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and iron chelator with antitumor activity. Ribonucleotide reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo DNA synthesis, is an excellent target for chemotherapy. Its increased activity in cancer cells is associated with malignant transformation and proliferation.

Test such as Bromination, IR spectroscopy, refractive index, and measures physical properties confirmed that the product collected was the desired product, cyclohexene. A bromination

The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.

A control was used to compare the reactant and the product, showing a clear appearance that would indicate an alkene being present. Bromine was added to the reactant 4-methylcyclohexanol, and a reddish-brown color appeared, indicating that no reaction took place. Bromine was then added to the product 4-methylcyclohexene, and the clear appearance of the product remained, concluding that an alkene is indeed present. Discussion Given the results obtained post-experiment, the percent yield was calculated to be about 35.5%, which may suggest that either product was lost at some point during the experiment, or side product was formed.

Chem 51LB Report Ngoc Tran - Student ID # 72048507 The purpose of this lab is to examine the composition of three components of gas products of elimination reaction under acidic condition by conducting the dehydration of primary and secondary alcohol, and under basic condition by conducting the base-induced dehydrobromination of 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane. Then gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of the product mixtures. Gas chromatography (mobile phase) is used to analyze the composition of three components of the gas products. A syringe needle with gas product is injected into the machine, and the component is eluted and the composition is related to the column or the peaks.

The purpose of this experiment was to learn about the electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions that take place on benzene, and how the presence of substituents in the ring affect the orientation of the incoming electrophile. Using acetanilide, as the starting material, glacial acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid were mixed and stirred to produce p-nitroacetanilide. In a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 3.305 g of acetanilide were allowed to mix with 5.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. This mixture was warmed in a hot plate with constantly stirring at a lukewarm temperature so as to avoid excess heating. If this happens, the mixture boils and it would be necessary to start the experiment all over again.

Methylcyclohexane became clear within about 28 minutes, cyclohexane was clear in about 55 minutes, and both the control and the tert-butylbenzene did not appear to change color. The dark test tubes changed color in the same order. Ethylbenzene became clear within about a minute, toluene became clear within 2 minutes, and methylcyclohexane was very light orange (almost clear) in 65 minutes. Cyclohexane, tert-butylbenzene, and the control were all still red, and had not appeared to have reacted. These results were expected; ethylbenzene and toluene had benzylic hydrogens, meaning they should be the fastest, which they were.

Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Sura Abedali Wednesday 2:00 PM January 31, 2018 Introduction: Dehydration reactions are important processes to convert alcohols into alkenes. It is a type of elimination reaction that removes an “-OH” group from one carbon molecule and a hydrogen from a neighboring carbon, thus releasing them as a water molecule (H2O) and forming a pi bond between the two carbons1. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol undergoes dehydration to form three possible products: methylenecylcohexane, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 3-methylcyclohexene in a Hickman still apparatus. Adding 85% Phosphoric Acid to protonates the “-OH” group, turning it into a better leaving group and initiating the dehydration reaction.

Reactivity of Metals in Single-Replacement Reactions A lab was conducted to test the reactivity of metals in single-replacement reactions. This lab was done to solve the problem of which metals will replace each other in single-replacement reactions. A single replacement reaction is a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another. It was presumed before the experiment that the location of the metal on the Activity Series chart would thus determine the reactivity of the metal.

Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.

Nevertheless, the latter is not used in this experiment since it is very reactive and extremely flammable. On the contrary, NaBH4 is relatively mild and it can be used with protic solvents. In this manner, 1.507 grs of the ketone 9-fluorenone were mixed with 30.0 ml of 95% ethanol in a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The bright yellow mixture was stirred during 7 minutes until all the components were dissolved.

Chemical reactivity measurement of test chemicals towards nucleophiles is getting more attention as an alternative to animal method in testing for potency of skin sensitizers. In view of this, alternative methods are expected to be highly reproducible. To achieve this, there is need for proper investigation of appropriate method of analysis. Depletion of protein nucleophiles and formation of covalent adducts between skin sensitizers and dermal proteins are very important processes in skin sensitization. These are monitored and detected through various means like ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance/mass spectrometry (NMR-MS), etc.

In nucleophilic substitution reactions, there are two possibilities, either Sn1 or Sn2. In this particular experiment, an Sn2 reaction

Bromination is the process where an alkene is halogenated with bromine. The purpose of this experiment was bromination of stilbene to stilbene dibromide. The element bromine is toxic and requires maximum care when used. Bromine was generated in the reaction mixture by using a green method. Less hazardous reagents were used to do so.

Bromination is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction where one hydrogen atom of benzene or benzene derivative is replaced by bromine due to an electrophilic attack on the benzene ring. The purpose of this experiment is to undergo bromination reaction of acetanilide and aniline to form 4-bromoacetanilide and 2,4,6-tribromoaniline respectively. Since -NHCOCH3 of acetanilide and -NH2 of aniline are electron donating groups, they are ortho/para directors due to resonance stabilized structure. Even though the electron donating groups activate the benzene ring, their reactivities are different and result in the formation of different products during bromination.