A control was used to compare the reactant and the product, showing a clear appearance that would indicate an alkene being present. Bromine was added to the reactant 4-methylcyclohexanol, and a reddish-brown color appeared, indicating that no reaction took place. Bromine was then added to the product 4-methylcyclohexene, and the clear appearance of the product remained, concluding that an alkene is indeed present. Discussion Given the results obtained post-experiment, the percent yield was calculated to be about 35.5%, which may suggest that either product was lost at some point during the experiment, or side product was formed. Regarding the unsaturation test, the bromine test was performed and produced the expected result since the 4-methylcyclohexene had a clear appearance after 5 drops of bromine were added to it, which revealed that the alcohol was eliminated and a carbon-carbon double bond …show more content…
Based on the result from the bromine test conducted, the clear appearance of the 4-methylcyclonexene demonstrated that the bromine had all been used up, and there is an unsaturated compound present. Infrared spectroscopy was another method of identifying an alkene. Figures 1 and 2 show the IR spectra for the reactant (4-methylcyclohexanol) and the product (4-methylcyclohexene), respectively; each were compared and analyzed. The IR spectrum for 4-methylcyclohexanol revealed a broad peak at 3328 cm-1, signifying an OH group and therefore an alcohol. In contrast, the IR spectrum for 4-methylcyclohexene no longer showed that broad band, but instead displayed a sharp peak at 1651 cm-1, representing a double bond and therefore an alkene. With this, the reaction of 4-methylcyclohexanol with a strong acid (H3PO4) acting as a catalyst was successful, and the product 4-methylcyclohexene was obtained as
After 28 minutes, the mixture stopped boiling, and approximately 4.5 ml of bromobenzene was added drop by drop in the mixture, and color of the mixture was turned light brown orange. Then, the phenylmagnesium bromide was cooled in ice bath for a few minutes, and 10 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was added in the mixture by using the syringe. After that, approximately 2.3 ml of methyl benzoate was added to the reaction, and it was added slowly slowly because the reaction was exothermic which needed to be cool in order to maintain a gentle reflux. Once all the methyl benzoate solution was added, the heating mantle was removed from the reaction flask and was cooled to the room temperature. During the reaction, a milky white salt began to precipitate, and the reaction flask was swirled for ten minutes until most of the reaction became visibly subdivided.
These tests were the silver nitrate test and the sodium iodide test. The goal of these tests was to verify that 1-bromobutane, a primary alkyl halide, had in fact been formed. Data and Results 0.844 grams of product were collected. As 1-bromobutane has a molecular weight of 137.02 grams/mole, this gives 0.00616 moles of 1-bromobutane. The limiting reagent in this reaction
To test for the presence of the ammonia cation, a scoop of the unknown compound was mixed with NaOH to see if the resulting solution had a noticeable smell that would affirm the presence of ammonia. A moist piece of pH paper was then held near the solution to see if the ammonium would dissolve the water on the pH paper. The next cation test performed was the flame test. A gram of the unknown compound was held by a metal stick above the flame of a Bunsen burner to see what color flame the compound would produce. The chart in the lab manual on page 63 was used to determine what cation correlated with what flame color.
As the name implies, the bromination mechanism in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that replaces an atom on the ring with a bromine atom. The addition of the bromine is driven by the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and a bromine atom. In most bromination mechanisms, liquid bromine is the preferred reagent to complete the reaction. However, due to potential safety concerns, the aromatic ring was brominated by using a compound of hydrobromic acid and potassium bromate in an acetic acid solution (see Figure 2 for the bromine formation).1 Liquid bromine is known for generating hazardous fumes, so this solution is significantly safer for bromine production. This formation of bromine is crucial for the bromination reaction to
The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.
Chem 51LB Report Ngoc Tran - Student ID # 72048507 The purpose of this lab is to examine the composition of three components of gas products of elimination reaction under acidic condition by conducting the dehydration of primary and secondary alcohol, and under basic condition by conducting the base-induced dehydrobromination of 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane. Then gas chromatography is used to analyze the composition of the product mixtures. Gas chromatography (mobile phase) is used to analyze the composition of three components of the gas products. A syringe needle with gas product is injected into the machine, and the component is eluted and the composition is related to the column or the peaks.
Dehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Sura Abedali Wednesday 2:00 PM January 31, 2018 Introduction: Dehydration reactions are important processes to convert alcohols into alkenes. It is a type of elimination reaction that removes an “-OH” group from one carbon molecule and a hydrogen from a neighboring carbon, thus releasing them as a water molecule (H2O) and forming a pi bond between the two carbons1. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol undergoes dehydration to form three possible products: methylenecylcohexane, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 3-methylcyclohexene in a Hickman still apparatus. Adding 85% Phosphoric Acid to protonates the “-OH” group, turning it into a better leaving group and initiating the dehydration reaction.
Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.
Chem 51 LB Experiment 3 Report Scaffold: Bromination of Trans-Cinnamic Acid 1. The goal of this experiment was to perform a halogenation reaction through the addition of two bromides from pyridinium tribromide. This was accomplished by reacting trans-cinnamic acid with pyridinium tribromide. After the reaction took place, melting point analysis was conducted to find out the stereochemistry of the product, which could either be syn-addition, anti-addition, or syn + anti-addition. 2.
Nevertheless, the latter is not used in this experiment since it is very reactive and extremely flammable. On the contrary, NaBH4 is relatively mild and it can be used with protic solvents. In this manner, 1.507 grs of the ketone 9-fluorenone were mixed with 30.0 ml of 95% ethanol in a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The bright yellow mixture was stirred during 7 minutes until all the components were dissolved.
Experiment 2 Report Scaffold (Substitution Reactions, Purification, and Identification) Purpose/Introduction 1. A Sn2 reaction was conducted; this involved benzyl bromide, sodium hydroxide, an unknown compound and ethanol through reflux technique, mel-temp recordings, recrystallization, and analysis of TLC plates. 2. There was one unknown compound in the reaction that was later discovered after a series of techniques described above.
It is understood the mechanism is acid-catalyzed where protons coordinate with the carbonyl oxygen to make the carbonyl carbon more electropositive for nucleophilic attack (Scheme 1). In the experimental procedure all reactants were added together, this is inefficient as the protons can coordinate with either trans-cinnamic acid or methanol. Coordination with methanol is unnecessary as it reduces its nucleophilicity and makes less protons available to coordinate with the carboxylic acid. To improve
There are two methods of obtaining cyclohexane. These two methods are fractional distillation of naphtha and hydrogenation of benzene. Research suggest that the hydrogenation of benzene is the most economical way to create our chemical of choice. According to ICIS, cyclohexane is used in the production of adipic acid used to
This was proved by utilizing the IR spectrum to verify the C =O was not in the final product as it lacked the 1640 cm-1 peak. The melting point of 113-115 degrees C proved that the final product obtained was the E-Stilbene. The TLC plate proved that the E and the Z product was produced, show cased by the double intensity of the DCM spot to the final product’s spot, both which had an Rf of 0.92. The double intensity proved that both products were produced, but through heating and filtering, the Z-Stilbene was
In 1927 Diesbach and Von der Weild of Fribourg University, carried out a reflex reaction using ortho-dibromobenzene with cyanide and obtained a blue coloured compound with 23% yield. In 1928 at the Grangemouth plant of Scottish Dyes Ltd a blue-green impurity has formed inside the reaction vessel during the