Annotated Bibliography

Sawchuk, S. (2012). Many Teachers Not Ready for the Common Core. Education Digest, 16-22. http://proxy.ashland.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=82981829&site=ehost-live Beginning this research I stumbled on this article which discusses the successful implementation of the Common Core Standards.

Terrorism and its impact on policing Stockton University Grizel Rivera 10/28/2015 Abstract Terrorism has not made a lasting impact on Americans until September 11, 2001. Since 9/11, research on terrorism has been increasing and it had been determined that terrorism is a complex area. So law enforcement needs to be educated on the different aspects of terrorism. Since September 11th, local, state, and federal law enforcement have made changes to become more effective in detecting terrorists and deterring attacks.

This paper has explored what terrorism looks like regarding extremism in the Islam religion, child soldiers, Taliban invasions in securing a safe haven, and the global impact

After a terrorist attack of any kind there are always consequences that must be faced. Sometimes the point of the terrorist attacks is because the organization wished to send a message or to influence policy in their favor. However, after the 9/11 attacks administrators realized that the United States was not prepared for a tragedy of this kind and had little to no measures to prevent one, this lead them to create new programs and policies. Terrorist organization’s goal often comes down to one of the following: regime change, territorial change, policy change, social control and status quo maintenance. The main purpose of a terror attack may well be to influence public policy.

Terrorism has been in existence since time immemorial (Larabee, 2003) but it has stayed in existence up to

1.2.1 Historical Background Historically, terrorism is a known phenomenon. In the past many individual entities and many incidents are directly or indirectly, rightly or wrongly are related to terrorism. Terrorism, itself is a disputed term, which cannot be given universal definition. It has been described as a violence, which is based on conflicts. 1.2.1.1 Early Terrorism

Terror is used to draw attention of the local population, the government and the world to their cause. Terrorists plan their moves tactically; they choose targets that symbolize what they oppose, so as to win great publicity. It is the government’s or public’s reaction which determines the effectiveness of the terrorist act. Tactics used in Terrorism Terrorists aim at instilling

Terrorism has had many different forms and has evolved from its original emergence in the French Revolution to groups that have thousands of members around the world and are run more like international organizations with large cash flows and a constant media cycle. Terrorism a violent political strategy that has been successful at fighting against larger entities with more military authority. There is a growing awareness of the impactful role women play in both assisting terrorist groups and fighting against terrorist groups. Scholars have found that because women hold highly influential positions in their families, communities, and as a result their governments, their active participation in counter-terrorism efforts has the possibility to effect positive change. However, there has also been a steady increase in the radicalization and recruitment of young girls and women by female terrorists, which is a serious threat to the security of sovereignty

After the attacks of September 11, 2001, George W. Bush and other world leaders (including the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair) stated that the roots of terrorism were poverty and desperation and for that reason, the “War on Terror” should also be a war against poverty. However, many of those who use terrorist tactics are neither poor nor desperate people; in fact it is the very opposite. Two clear examples are Osama bin Laden; who was the son of a Saudi billionaire, and Ramzi Youseff, who was educated at Oxford College in the UK. Both came from higher socioeconomic levels. These two examples show us that poverty has been misperceived as a root cause of terrorism and current efforts to improve the lives of people through foreign aid will not help to decrease the risk of people joining terrorist groups.

Literature Review: A. Terrorism and its Economic Cost: Even though terrorism has existed in countries throughout history, there has not found long-term impact. The reason for that it seems to be less significant and less interesting for scientists but, after 11 September terrorist attacks, it seems to be that it has changed. (Bergersen and Lizardo, 2004). Now, terrorism and its effects have moved to remarkable research topics. After 11 September, terrorist attacks have increasing trend all over the world.

Terrorism Patrick J. Kennedy says, “Terrorism is a psychological warfare. Terrorists try to manipulate us and change our behavior by creating fear, uncertainty, and division in society.” Terrorism has become a major ongoing issue worldwide resulting in unnerving fear among civilians and government, innumerable harsh deaths, and the loss of peace between nations and their people. Recently, there has been an abnormal ascent of violent terrorism in the name of Islam. Although it is apparent that there has been an increase in Islamic terrorism and its violent acts of injustice towards people in the past hundred years, Islamic terrorism shares only a minimal amount of worldwide terrorism proportionately.

Also they tried to show that Muslims who live in the Middle East are terrorists . this paper will answer the question what is the relevance between the

After the following years of 9/11 attacks conceptualization of terrorism become taken a specific ‘’common sense’’. It is general assumption that terrorism exists in all over the world. This view is more dominant in western societies. And this is called as orthodox view. Over the past years orthodox view has shaped or worked on both sides firstly on public discourse and secondly on policy, making it as perceived as objective and universal.

Combating terrorism is a very difficult and complex task. Terrorists are not a very defined and structured enemy; their elusive nature makes it even more difficult to counter it. An approach to counter terrorism needs a very clear understanding of the essence and the objectives of the counter terrorism. It is a multifaceted and multi functional task touching different

The word terrorism has popped up more and more times spreading through America like a virus, but this is no ordinary virus. This word is used to change the lives of one culture and to put fear in others throughout the world. The word can create chaos while forming an emotion aroused in impeding danger and points the finger of all America’s causes to the Muslims. The meaning of terrorism has bent the structures on what the word has stood for and what the word means to our civilization.