Analgesic Lab Report

Relevant Facts: Nurofen, the pain-relief medication is made by Reckitt Benckiser Australia, a multinational company. The company was found misleading customers for all its specific range that contained the same active ingredient ibuprofen lysine 342mg and was seen to have same effect. The product was advertised the products as been targeting back pain, period pain and tension headaches. The Company was fined $1.7m for misleading customers on range of ‘specific pain’ relief contravening Australian Consumer Law has been brought forward by ACCC. The ACCC had asked federal court to impose $6 million fine.

Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.

Benefit-risk of epidural analgesia - post-operative period Epidural analgesia is also widely used during the post-operative period and has been shown to be superior to systemic opioid analgesia for the control of postoperative pain (23). Other beneficial or harmful side effects of TEA during the postoperative period were investigated in a systematic review and meta-analysis including 125 trials, with a total of 9044 patients, analyzing various outcomes (24). In the group receiving TEA vs. systemic opioids the major outcome was a reduced mortality rate (2-3.1% in the epidural group vs. 3.2-4.9% in the control group (OR >0.60)). The main adverse effects of TEA to be mentioned are pruritus, urinary retention, motor blockade and hypotension.

Introduction Your child has received a gastrostomy. A small opening was made through your child’s abdominal wall and into the stomach to insert a gastrostomy button, a device in which will allow your child to receive adequate nutrition. Typical feeding by mouth is sometimes disrupted by problems such as congenital abnormalities of the digestive system, sucking and swallowing disorders, and failure to thrive. A gastrostomy button will ensure that your child receives the proper nutrition needed to grow. Before you leave the hospital, the nurses will train you on how to use a gastrostomy button.

Alginate is generally available as alginic acid, sodium salt that is regularly called sodium alginate. It is a linear polysaccharide that typically isolated from numerous strains of marine brown seaweed and algae, in this manner the name is alginate. The copolymer comprises of two uronic acids which are D-mannuronic acid (M) and L-guluronic acid (G). That is because it is the skeletal component of the algae and it has the decent property of being strong but then flexible. The most ideal in preparation of sodium alginate is by adding the powder to agitated water rather than vice verso to avoid formation of clumps.

2.2 Description of Wound and its Association with Microbes Skin is the largest organ in the human body, plays a crucial role in the sustenance of life through regulation and maintainance of water and electrolyte balance, thermoregulation, and also acting as a barrier to external noxious agents including microorganisms, however, when the epithelial integrity of skin is broken, a wound results (Zafar et al. 2008). A wound is an abrasion in the skin and the exposure of subcutaneous tissue after the loss of skin integrity provides moist, warm and nutritious environment that is conducive for microbial colonization and proliferation (Duguid and Colle, 1975). Wounds disrupt the protective barrier of the skin thereby creating a channel of entry

Introduction Medical instruments are routinely sterilized using autoclave or by gas sterilization using ethylene oxide. However this method of sterilization is insufficient to destroy pyrogen because it is thermostable as a matter of fact, pyrogens will be formed from the dead gram-negative bacteria that is killed during the sterilization process. The pyrogen substance that is produces is called endotoxin. Medical instruments (such as surgical instruments and in certain cases of implants) may contain endotoxin on the surface of the instruments, due to this the LAL test is performed (Mazzotti et al, 2007). Endotoxin is released into the environment during bacterial cell death or cell division occurs.

I am doing an assignment on anatomy and physiology. Specifically related to the musculoskeletal system. I am going to investigate the structure and function of different bones and a synovial joint in the body. I will show the relationship between the nervous and musculoskeletal systems. I intend to explore one disease of the musculoskeletal system and find out what it is like to live with said disease and found out how much people really know about it.

Pain relievers or analgesics have been around for thousands of year in different compounds and forms. Today the most used from is in pill form. Around the world pain relievers are the most common OTC (over the counter) drug used. Around the world millions of people use OTC pain relievers on a regular bases. People use the drugs to kill everything from headaches to fevers.

The vertebral body is made up of different types of muscular systems that allow the body to maintain posture, move and also circulation of the blood. In this experiment, we focused primarily on the skeletal muscle system. The skeletal muscles work simultaneously with bones of the skeleton. The muscles are able to attach to the bones through tendons. They are under voluntary control of the Peripheral Nervous System and specifically the Somatic Nervous System.

Introduction: The sciatic nerve is the largest and thickest nerve in the human body, formed by anterior rami of L 4, 5, S 1, 2, 3 spinal segments. It is made up of two components, the common peroneal and tibial nerves, which are held together by the connective tissue sheath. It enters the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle, descends on the back of thigh and usually divides into its terminal branches at the apex of popliteal fossa1. Variations in different level of terminal division of sciatic nerve and its relations with piriformis muscle have been reported.

An organ bath experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of agonist, histamine on guinea pig ileum (GPI) and how the antagonists, mepyramine and SIPBSDrug A affect the GPI’s response (smooth muscle contractions). A GPI simulation was conducted to compare the potencies and nature of antagonists against histamine. The control Rmax and EC50 of histamine without antagonist were 16.49gms and 2.093 x 10-7M respectively. The concentration-response curves were shifted to right parallelly and EC50 increased while Rmax remained constant when mepyramine or SIPBSDrug A was added. Besides, both antagonists showed linear graphs in Schild plot, indicating that they acted as reversible competitive antagonists.

Decomposition of Aspirin Studied with UV/Visible Absorption Spectroscopy Aims:  To determine the concentration of salicylic acid, formed from the hydrolysis of Aspirin, at regular intervals using the UV/Visible Absorption Spectroscopy  From the concentration of salicylic acid, concentration of Aspirin to be determined using an equation  Calculate the rate constant of this reaction and its order from a plot of graph of ln(aspirin) vs time  Discuss the overall flaws and improvements to the experiment Results: As per schedule1, 0.212g of aspirin was added to 50 ml boiling water to form salicylic acid in a 100 ml flask, of which 1 ml was then pipetted to a 50 ml volumetric flask at the 5th min. Following an ice bath, the solution was mixed

Introduction: The objective for the lab was to determine properties of materials by using a tension test. The properties that were determined was Young’s Modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength. Three aluminum alloys were tested. The first was the AA 2024 , which is high strength used in aerospace applications.

Aim: The aim of this project is to determine the ear's ability to allow us to perceive the pitch of sounds by detection of the wave's frequencies, the loudness of sound by detection of the wave's amplitude and the timbre of the sound by the detection of the various frequencies that make up a complex sound wave. Introduction: Understanding how humans hear is a complex subject involving the fields of physiology, psychology and acoustics. The ear consists of three basic parts - the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.