2.2 Description of Wound and its Association with Microbes
Skin is the largest organ in the human body, plays a crucial role in the sustenance of life through regulation and maintainance of water and electrolyte balance, thermoregulation, and also acting as a barrier to external noxious agents including microorganisms, however, when the epithelial integrity of skin is broken, a wound results (Zafar et al. 2008).
A wound is an abrasion in the skin and the exposure of subcutaneous tissue after the loss of skin integrity provides moist, warm and nutritious environment that is conducive for microbial colonization and proliferation (Duguid and Colle, 1975). Wounds disrupt the protective barrier of the skin thereby creating a channel of entry
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It may be directly from the patient, a member of the operating room staff or from other person in the hospital ward. Wound may be infected outside hospital ward via exposure to dust carrying infecting organism either in vegetative form or in form of spores. In fresh wound, bacteria have little time to multiply and there is practically no evidence of inflammatory tissue response, hence with few exceptions, bacteria are regarded as contaminants. But after a few hours, however, if sign of inflammation or other tissue response appear, then the bacteria must no longer be considered as contaminant but as infecting bacteria (Topley and Wilson, 1988).The commonest pyogenic bacteria often associated with infected wounds are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pneumococcus sp and coliform bacilli, such as Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other enteric bacilli. Aerobic organisms particularly Clostridium perfringes and other species of bacteriodes and aerobic cocci may also present (Klein et al. 1995). Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide variety of septic infections in man and other vertebrates (Hare and Wilits, 1962). Among species much less commonly encountered in wound infections are Pasteurella multicida in animal bites, Corynebacterium diphtheria and Bacillus anthracis in malignant pustules of skin. In chronic infection that are slow to heal and in pus showing no …show more content…
There are thousand species of medicinal plants used globally for the cure of different infections. These plants are used as antimicrobial agents and several works has been carried out by scientists to find out its scientific basis (Omotayo, 1998) which include Anacardium occidentale, Pilostigma recticulatum, Anogeissus leiocarpa, Enantia chlorantha, Senna occidentalis and Azadiracha indica. The use of medicinal plants predates the introduction of antibiotics and other modern drugs in the African continent. Herbal medicine has been shown to be effective and over 60% of the Nigerian population depends on traditional medicine for their health care needs (Ghani et al., 1989). Traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria use a variety of herbal preparations to treat different kinds of ailments including typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, dysentery, malaria, diarrhoea and wound infections. In recent past, attention has been directed to medicinal research to substantiate the claims of cure made by the traditional healers and thus provide a scientific basis for their efficiency (Olukoya et al.,
ELATED CASES: None. SUPPORT DOCUMENTS: None. On 12/15/2015, Christie Hardie contacted Pasco Sheriff`s Office by telephone to report a Petit Theft. Ms. Hardie advised between 1700 and 1730 hours on 12/14/2015, an unknown suspect stole her white and black Hello Kitty wallet, with contents out of her open purse that was sitting in the child seat section of a shopping cart.
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen, meaning that they can cause infection more frequently and more easily in persons’ with a weakened immune system such as, HIV patients (CDC, 2015). This organism is seen primarily in nosocomial infections, also known as, hospital-acquired infections (Bukhari, 2004). This means that the organisms favors the hospital environment and is easily passed to a person while they are in the hospital. Ways that a person can get a Staphylococcus epidermidis infection is through IV’s, more commonly in drug users, catheters, and artificial equipment (Bukhari, 2004). Skin-to-skin contact can also be a form of getting this type of infection.
Head pains were treated with sweet smelling herbs such as rose, lavender, sage and bay. Stomach pains were treated with wormwood, mint and balm. Amputations were performed by surgeons the ‘stump’ was cauterized with a pitch. Wounds were treated with vinegar as a cleaning agent and it was believed it would kill the disease. Typhoid, broken bones, wound, abscesses and fractures were treated in unsanitary environments.
The Igbo people were able to blend the indigenous and Western medical perspectives to achieve an understanding of disease. They used plants as remedies for multiple illnesses, such as the bitter leaf. The bitter leaf was claimed to cure measles, chickenpox, fungal infections and diarrhea. The Igbo clan was strong in remedies and healing, and surrounding villages were aware of it. “It was powerful in war and magic, and its priests and medicine were feared in all surrounding country.”
Both Ayurvedic and Western medicines help to find a solution for incurable diseases. When it comes to effectiveness, Ayurvedic medicines brings enduring cure to the diseases. Ayurvedic medicines has cured to almost every diseases invariably. Even though Ayurvedic medicines show results in our body very slowly, there are no side effects, even after the course of medicine is over. Moreover Ayurveda approaches the body as whole and look for results on the lap of nature in order to achieve complete wellness.
That is the question. The bandages may not have been sanitary or sterile meaning that a strain of bacteria could have infected the wound. The bandages could also have been
Different cultures and religions believe in different types of healing practices, there are a lot of Americans that use herbal remedies to cure all sorts of illnesses. If these remedies don’t work, it is the responsibility of the individual and family members to seek out proper medical treatment for the
Failure to progress in the stages of wound healing can lead to chronic wounds. Factors that lead up to chronic wounds are venous disease, infection, diabetes, and metabolic deficiencies of the elderly. Careful wound care can speed up the stages of wound healing by keeping wounds moist, clean and protected from reinjury and infection. In the chronic wound condition, matrix Metalloprotease are over expressed which delays the wound healing mechanism
Talking about skin aging is a sensitive topic these days as no one would like to actually picture the whole process of their skin losing that youthful appeal after a few years. However, it is essential to know that our skin is like any other part of our body. To be more scientific, skin is the largest organ of the human body. This organ is the first layer which serves as the line of defense and prevents the entry of harmful microbes as well as harmful particles. Apart from this, the body temperature is regulated and the moisture content in the body is also regulated to a certain extent by the skin.
Patients with chronic diseases may develop non-healing, chronic wounds. At risk patients for wound injury include diseases and co-morbidities such as peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and stroke (Ferris et
Herbal medicines are widely preferred by some individuals all
This essay will be discussing the traditional approaches to medicine by Aggleton (1990), through Greek traditional medicine, by the definition of traditional medicine, holistic healing based on humours, belief in gods and treatment. Traditional medicine may be defined as a way of using animal, plant and minerals; this includes spiritual therapies as medicine in the treatment either separately or as a combination to prevent diseases or maintain health (future-science). Greek medicine –arguably the foundation of modern medicine- started with Hippocrates who is most respected in medical profession (reference needed). Traditional Greek medicine was largely centred on a holistic system of healing. They achieved this by emphasising the four humours,
The wounds fail to heal without any graft and often become fatal. Development of a laboratory skin analogue readily available for grafting at wound site can be beneficial and may provide superior functional outcomes (Pearson AS et al., 2000, O’Connor NE et al., 1981 & Gina C Ang.,
Advocates of traditional medicine strongly believe that this type of medicinal treatment is preferable over modern medicine simply because it is derived from natural sources. This implies that traditional medicine has not been interfered by adding chemicals and other elements, which is the main characteristic of modern medicine. Consequently, herbs and medicinal plants were used to treat different forms of diseases and ailments in humans. Garilli, B. et al. (2015) demonstrates
All they do is control the symptoms by giving the patient so many medications that causes life threatening side effects. Therefore homeopathy has to be considered as the best treatment to these kind of diseases. A true cure Cure is defined has the disappearance of the patient’s symptoms. However, homeopathy aims higher than this, it works from the very inner deep level (mental symptoms) to the outer level (physical symptoms).