Thurgood Marshall Annotated Bibliography

In 1950, in the Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents cases, the Court struck down segregation of African American students in law and graduate schools. The Justice Department, in its brief to the Court, said it believed Plessy was unconstitutional and should be overturned. NAACP Legal Defense Fund lawyers, led by Thurgood Marshall, began to devise a strategy that would force the Court to re-examine the constitutionality of the separate-but-equal doctrine (2015 The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights/The Leadership Conference Education Fund). Thomas Madison had every right to go that college, he met every schoo. 1978:

Assignment 5: Anita Hill VS Clarence Thomas Introduction In 1991, Thurgood Marshall, the first African American to serve on the nation’s highest court retired. However, before Thurgood Marshall could retire, someone would have to take his place. In 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court where he would eventually be sworn in on October 23, 1991 (EEOC); But before Clarence Thomas was sworn into the U.S. Supreme Court, a scandal involving a college law professor arose.

Notаbly absent from the opinion, as it was in Plessy, is any citаtion to a Supreme Court cаse that considered whether the prаctice of segregating schools was a violation of the Fourteenth Аmendment. It was an open question for the Court. The Court аdmitted that the precedent to which it cited involved discriminаtion between whites and blacks rаther thаn other rаces. However, the Court found no аppreciable difference here—"the decision is within the discretion of the state in regulating its public schools, and does not conflict with the Fourteenth Аmendment."

The book “Simple Justice” that was written by Richard Kluger is one of the examples of the successful use of narrative with the scholar style of writing that is telling readers the story behind Brown v. Board of Education. It is needed to state that the book was firstly published in 1976 and at that period it was one of the most precise and detailed descriptions of the decision-making process of the Supreme Court in Brown. That is why, the work of Richard Kluger is so unique, he was able to tell readers the detailed story of the court and that was helpful in the learning of the history as well as in the understanding of the justice system. It is needed to state the fact that in the book Richard Kluger is pointing out on the fact of schools desegregation. He critiques the politics of the government that allowed the school

The Brown v. Board of Education was a monumental decision as it expressed that “separate but unequal” from Plessy v. Ferguson was inherently unequal, meaning it was unconstitutional. The decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson as it stated that racial segregation of public education violated the Fourteenth Amendment. Oliver Brown was a parent of a child that was rejected from Topeka’s white schools and Brown took this injustice to court. With the leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren, a unanimous decision was ruled to desegregate the public education system. The ruling led to mixed reactions in the nation, as the South was appalled by the decision and attempted to stop the decision from being carried out.

Mark Sutherland 's Judicial Tyranny is destined to be a classic, and unlike similar well-written books by Mark Levin and Pat Robertson, Sutherland 's book is unique: it is hard-hitting and much more multi-faceted on the issues it covers. Additionally, it represents a profound cooperative effort by a potentate of conservative luminaries from James

Justice Antonin Scalia made no apologies for his legal philosophy of “originalism,” despite opposition from other justices and the public. Scalia believed that the United States Constitution should strictly be interpreted in terms of what the founding fathers had meant for it when the Constitution was written. Scalia’s critics contended that the Constitution is a “living document,” therefore, it should allow the courts to take into consideration evolving viewpoints of society. I. Antonin Scalia: A brief overview of his law career beginning in 1961.

In the 1950s in Topeka, Kansas, Linda Brown, a young African-American girl, had to walk many blocks through dangerous railroad tracks to receive an education. Linda lived much closer to another school, but Linda was not allowed to attend that school because schools were segregated during that time. When her father, Oliver Brown, tried to enroll her in the local school, the school refused to admit Linda. Her white neighborhood friends had the convenience of locality, but she did not because of the fact that she was African-American. The Brown v. Board of Education is a justified Supreme Court case because every person deserves the right to an education and the color of one’s skin should not prevent that.

The significant legacies in the case of Brown v. Board of Education are the confrontation of the ideology with its constant denial of separation was not equal, the right to quality education, “dignity to self,” the creation of black middle class, and the setup of educational standards for personal achievement. Prior to the decision of Brown v. Board of Education, the federal government powered to enforce segregation under the Supreme Court’s ruling of permitting “separate but equal” doctrine towards the treatment between African Americans and whites. The following of the decision of Supreme Court’s ruling in the segregation in public schools considered as a violation to the Constitution shifted the ideas of the Justice Department and federal officials to acceptance of integration instead of obstruction. Education desegregation was not entirely devoted to the idea of inclusion but as well as the decision modified the social construction of the unidentified

The case was during the period of time of the Supreme Court called the Warren court and Chief Justice Warren wrote the opinion on the case (Rice 55). Thurgood Marshall was one of the many lawyers who was representing the complainants, the group that wanted the change. He was an African-American who was part of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or NAACP, which was created in 1909 to fight for civil rights (David 44). The argument of the complainant was that segregated public facilities were unequal and to refuse a person is discrimination. They also said that refusing someone from school is unconstitutional under the fourteenth amendment of the constitution.

“I walked onto the campus at the University of Georgia… I was not socially, intellectually, or morally undesirable. I was black. And no Black student had ever been admitted to the University of Georgia in its 176-year history… Hamilton Holmes and I were making one of the first major tests of the court's ruling in Georgia, and no one was sure just how hard it would be to challenge nearly two hundred years of excessive white privilege.

Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland and died on January 24, 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland. He was a famous African-American lawyer who started working for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1933. While working for the NAACP for twenty-five years, he argued many important cases in front of the Supreme Court against discrimination of African-Americans. Some say Marshall helped to start the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. (Thurgood Marshall was an important figure during the civil rights era because he won the famous case, Brown v. Board of Education, ending racial segregation in public schools and he became the first African-American Supreme Court justice.)

On May 14, 1954, he delivered the opinion of the Court, "We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal ' has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal...". Those words opened up a chapter to a new beginning for many African Americans and White Americans as

Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908. In 1930 he states for to the University of Maryland Law School but was denied because of him being black. However years later when he applied to Howard University when he graduated, he opens up a small law practice in Baltimore. Marshall won the first Major case in civil rights was due to the precedent of Plessy v Ferguson where it states racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal", where he sued University of Maryland Law School to admit a young African American named Donald Gaines Murray. With his well-known skills as a lawyer and his passion for the civil rights Marshall because the chief of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People,

Sandel, Michael J. (2009). Justice: What’s the right thing to do? New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Introduction & Background Information In the book, Justice: