The Critical Turning Point Of Brown V. Board Of Education

Ts? On September 4, 1957 a group of nine African American students attempted to enter the all-white Central High, a school in Little Rock, Arkansas. They faced an angry white mob preventing them from integrating the school. Governor Orval Faubus disobeyed President Eisenhower’s command to allow them to enter and called the National Guard to block them. President Eisenhower took action by sending the 101st Airborne Division to handle the situation.

This complaint case consisted of thirteen plaintiffs and twenty students who were forbidden from attending public schools with whites. The group filed a complaint to the board with the intention of changing the rule of segregation between colored and whites. Their complaint was seen unreasonable and the court found itself leaning towards the side of the Board of Education. This was because the schools were seen equally fair in terms of classroom settings, the staff, quality of education provided, etc. However, it still appeared unconstitutional because of content stated in the 14th amendment, which consists of the rights of the citizens and an equal amount of protection of the laws.

Brown v. Board (1954) was a landmark decision which overturned the previous “separate but equal” verdict. Accordingly it arguably helped civil rights immensely as it set a legal precedent for desegregation across America. It did not remedy rampant racist attitudes nor did it stop the states from completely disregarding the legislation entirely. Continuously by states, this legal precedent remained ignored and challenged. Most famously being the Little Rock Nine (1957) which black students had restricted access to a white high school.

Despite the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment, the southern state legislatures passed their own laws to continuously oppressing the blacks because they believed in their white supremacy. For example, they passed the Jim Crow Laws in the late of 19th century, that was right after the Reconstruction time in which the laws separated and prohibited freed blacks from sharing public areas and transportation. Because of many disadvantages, black people started to fight back the unjust law system and demanded to be treated equally even though it was not an easy task because of the legality of racial discrimination. For example, the Supreme Court set its ruling in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1892 that protect state racial isolation and the policy of “separate but equal” with the vote 8-1. In the argument of the majority, Justice Henry Billings Brown affirmed the distinction of race cannot be eliminated, and therefore, they cannot stay at the same place as the Fourteenth Amendment’s suggestion.

Brown v Board of Education was a landmark supreme court case. In the 1950s, most of the schools in the United States were racially segregated. This was legal due to Plessy V Ferguson, which stated that segregated schools were constitutional as long as they were equal. However, by the mid-twentieth century, civil rights activists began to take a stand. They began to challenge racial segregation.

The retaliation was arguably most severe in South Carolina, where whites burned down the house and church of a particularly energized plaintiff reverend Joseph A. Delaine, reportedly fired gunshots at him one night. The great-grandson of a slave, Thurgood Marshall attended Howard Law School prior to becoming the NAACP’s chief legal counsel. They argued that such segregation violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. All lower cases ended in defeat. The U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the five combined cases known only as Oliver L. Brown et.

The District of Columbia’s desegregation case was based on the boycott of the black high school that was overcrowded and in a condition of desperation. Since the District of Columbia was a federal territory, the Fourteenth amendment was not applicable towards the justification of the case’s position. Lawyers of the case selected a different approach of consolidating the Fifth Amendment, which guaranteed the equal protection of the law maintaining the same manner of the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision of Bolling v. Sharpe was simultaneously decided with Brown v. Board of Education, issuing the segregation itself was considered to be unconstitutional. The court ruled the African Americans in the District of Columbia were repudiated of the due process clause under the Fifth Amendment for the reasoning there was no vindication of the

Elliott (1952) was one similar case leading up to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. It took place in Summerton, South Carolina where the schooling differences between black schools and white schools were unequal. This case focused on the unequal opportunity and segregation in transportation to school. In court, it was decided 2-1 that segregation was lawful. Thurgood Marshall stated that ?

Background: a. Schooling was provided for all children, legally the schools were said to be “separate but equal” because the children would be schooled without being integrated, after the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896. However the schools did not provide the same quality and therefore violated the 14th amendment. b.

The decision ended segregation in schools and greatly affected everyone that was white and colored that attended a public school. Brown truly changed the outlook of public schools today. If it were not for him, maybe schools today would still be separated into colored and whites. “Scholars now point out that Brown v. Board was not the beginning of the modern civil rights movement, but there is no doubt that it constituted a watershed moment in the struggle for racial equality in America.” (Brown vs Board 1).

Thurgood Marshall went after the Jim Crow laws by finding away to change their mind by hitting them in their weak spot in

Board of Education case this combined several cases of school discrimination into one big case. Eventually, after more than two years and many studies on if racial discrimination played a role in how students learned the court decided that having separate schools for Whites and African Americans was violating part of the Constitution. Some schools and states didn’t think this was right or fair, they wanted to keep schools separated. One state that this issue was really big in was Arkansas. On the first day of school, the National Guard was at the school and stopped Black students from entering and there was a crowd of people who were yelling and spitting on these students for trying to get in.

Supreme Court decision in Brown V. Board of Education. During this time period schools in the United States are segregated, but the courts ruled that black and white students are separate but equal. Williams stated that many of the southern governor's rejected that white and African Americans students could not go to school together. This being said, if segregation continued in schools across America then the government would then start to take away public school funding. This was the breakthrough that America needed because African Americans had the right to go to school with white kids.

Decades ago, children of various races could not go to school together in many locations of the United States. School districts could segregate students, legally, into different schools according to the color of their skin. The law said these separate schools had to be equal. Many schools for children that possessed color were of lesser quality than the schools for white students. To have separate schools for the black and white children became a basic rule in southern society.

Brown vs. Board of Education (1954) declared that separate public schools for African American and White children is unconstitutional. This ruling paved the way for desegregation and was a major victory for the civil rights movement. In regards to providing an equal education I believe this ruling did help to level the playing field. All students would now be receiving equal education and facilities giving them equal opportunity. I do know that it didn 't exactly go down peacefully and many African Americans still did not receive fair treatment for many many years but it was a stepping stone to move education in the right direction.