THE MPEMBA EFFECT Erin Splaine Deerfield School Grade 8 Abstract The reason for this experiment was to find a faster way to freeze water by simply changing the temperature. The way this was accomplished was by heating an amount of water while leaving an equivalent amount at room temperature, then freezing both amounts of water and determining which freezes first. The heated water ended up freezing completely first, even though the cooler water started to freeze first. These findings tell us that even though something may seem impossible, you never know for sure until you try. The most interesting part about this experiment was that even though the boiled water froze faster, it also melted faster, not retaining the cold for as long as the …show more content…
It didn’t make any sense. Although, in 2013, physicists found out why this strange effect takes place. It has to do with the chemistry of each individual molecule. “When water heats up, the hydrogen bonds stretch and store energy as the liquid gets less dense and molecules move apart. The extra stretch in the bonds allows the bonds between molecules to relax and shrink a little, giving up their energy. This is equal to cooling.” What this explanation basically means is that superheating the water is equivalent to cooling it. So, when room temperature water is frozen and compared to boiling water freezing, the boiling water has an unfair advantage because it is already more cooled than the room temperature water without being colder, which is even cooler than the phenomenon …show more content…
5) Check them every 5 minutes and make observations. Results and Discussion I trialed this experiment three times because the cool water kept freezing before the boiled water. At first, I thought that the problem was with the lids-does it work better with the lids on of not? I came up with the same outcome on both of these trials- the cold water froze first. Then, I came up with a great idea. Maybe the water was supposed to be room temperature and not refrigerated. So, I tried one last time, and ended up with the results going my way. The boiled water finally froze before its cooler counterpart. I ended up with results that supported my hypothesis. Conclusions Although it sure felt like a “eureka moment” when the boiled water froze first, it wasn’t by much. In fact, the cooler water started freezing first, but after 202 minutes, the boiled water had more frozen particles than the cooled water. My hypothesis was supported, but not by a large margin. This is a cool fact to know however, it is not going to change lives or make the world spin faster. Boiling water before you freeze it doesn’t speed up the process by much, so it isn’t worth making a habit out of, but it sure is
Repeat steps 1-10 for two more trials. Conclusion: 1. I chose to compare temperature and amount of reactants in my experiments. I chose these because I thought they would reveal the the most drastic time differences. I also chose these factors because I had prior knowledge of them before I even started chemistry.
When atoms are cold they sink because they are more compacted and don’t move around as much. Sink or Float was a lab that showed about temperature and density changes. With the cold water we saw it sink and just stay at the bottom of the container without moving. When the hot water was added it made it rise to the top of the container and spread. That showed us that the bottom layers would be hotter and the top layers would be colder.
Introduction Alka-Seltzer has been on the market since 1931 and has helped to relieve indigestion and upset stomach. The tablets began to fizz and bubble when dropped into water. “The fizziness happens when baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and citric acid react chemically in water. They yield sodium citrate, water and carbon dioxide gas, which causes bubbles.” Based on this information, we will measure the reaction time of AlKa- Seltzer dissolved in 200 ml of water at 3 different tempertures in the first portion of this experiment.
Society and government require people to be obedient towards authority, but is it always the best thing to do? During the aftermath of World War II many of the major leaders of the Nazi regime were put on trial for crimes against humanity (History.com). These trials were known as the Nuremburg war trials, were most of the convicted proclaimed that they were “just following orders” (McLeod 584). Being an accomplice to a crime is also against the law. In the Nuremburg trials, those accused were not breaking the law that their government had created, they were actually following it.
The water transmutation research explored the belief that “repeated and prolonged heating caused water to transmute into earth” (Cobb and Goldwhite 153), which came from the observation of when water evaporates, it leaves a water spot. Lavoisier decided to explore this theory by putting distilled water in a sealed glass and heated in for 101 days. When he weighed the sealed container, he found no change in weight from before it was heated. Then, he weighed the water and dry container separately after finding floating pieces of unknown material in the water and discovered that it was residue from the container walls. From this experiment, Lavoisier “refuted an established theory of alchemists and demonstrated that valid chemical theory must be experimentally verifiable” (Cobb and Goldwhite 153-154).
Introduction The intent of this experiment is to understand how hot and cold water interact with each other by combining clear hot water and black ice cold water. I hope to learn more about how hot and cold water interact with each other. As of now, I know that cold water is denser than hot water. Knowing this I formed my hypothesis.
The solution continued to boil for 25 more minutes until a
When temperature is increased, the amount of obtainable energy increases; meaning that particles will move at faster pace at a higher temperature. Thus rate at which molecules diffuse will progressively speed up as the temperature increases. However if temperature of solution is decreased the rate of osmosis will decrease and rate at which molecules diffuse will be significantly less than that of higher
The Milgram experiment was conducted to analyze obedience to authority figures. The experiment was conducted on men from varying ages and varying levels of education. The participants were told that they would be teaching other participants to memorize a pair of words. They believed that this was an experiment that was being conducted to measure the effect that punishment has on learning, because of this they were told they had to electric shock the learner every time that they answered a question wrong. The experiment then sought out to measure with what willingness the participants obeyed the authority figure, even when they were instructed to commit actions which they seemed uncomfortable with.
We also could’ve tried to make sure that there were no errors during our experiments. An error that we had is that the length of time that the candle(s) went out and measuring the height of the temperature wasn’t always the same. That means that the water could’ve went down in that time. The bubbles that were in the liquid after it rose in the lid definitely could’ve affected the height of it. Each time we started the experiment, we should’ve checked to see if the height of the starting liquid was the same.
Then the scientist will observe the different rates of reaction with temperature. The Boltzmann distribution of law, indicates that high temperature makes molecules gain high energy contents (pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ja). In order to measure the reaction rate, the scientists must use the same volume of water at three different starting temperatures: hot tap
Intro People expect their government to have their best interest in mind and always protect its citizens, but what about when it doesn’t? There are dozens are possibly hundreds of shady events that our government covers up. People believe that the government is hiding aliens, technology capable of time travel, and even Walt Disney’s head frozen in cryostat. Yet for now those are simply just conspiracies.
The next test used the test tubes labelled “cold” and , one again using a piece of liver and five milliliters of hydrogen peroxide with both being placed in the ice bath, both held vertical with a test tube clamp. After five minutes were up using a timer, the two tests were conducted. The test involving the boiling water had five milliliters of hydrogen peroxide poured into it. Meanwhile, the five milliliters of hydrogen peroxide was poured into the test tube labelled “cold”. After both tests, explanations were made about the
Since “the amount of energy available from any thermal system is dependent on the difference in temperature between two points”, there is another open pipe that sucks in the freezing waters that the superheated fluid would usually be surrounded by. More energy can be extracted by using the freezing water as a cold side to the heat reaction. (Marshall
Heissmeyer was discovered in 1959 working in his TB clinic in East Germany. At his trial, he said: "For me there was no basic difference between human beings and guinea pigs”.25 At Dachau from August 1942 to May 1943 freezing experiments were conducted for the benefit of the German Air Force. 26 The experiments were done to investigate how to treat people severely chilled or frozen. Two types of experiments were done; the first were by ice water and the second were dry land experiments.27The ice water experiments were to test how to rewarm pilots who crashed into the sea and the dry land experiments were to test how to rewarm troops fighting in deep snow and freezing temperatures. Walter Neff testified on December 17-18, 1946 the experiment was done in a wooden basin two meters long and wide.