HIV Vaccines

After tested successful for simulating human cells, HeLa cells were utilized in various field due to its high growth rate. One important medical breakthrough that involved the contribution of HeLa cells was the development of polio vaccine by Jonas Salk in 1951. Before this treatment was invented Polio was a serious problem that jeopardized the whole population. In addition, research regarding polio virus was slow because the monkey cells used to simulate human cells were expensive and the demand of cells was astronomical. However, after Gey discovered HeLa cells, National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) sought for the help of him and other experts.

”(Skloot 95) Soon after that discovery, the cells were tested on, and the development for the poliovirus vaccine began. Imagine if Henrietta’s doctor did ask for her consent, and she would have said no? What if she kept her cells? The removal of some of her cells from her body caused no harm to her.

This allowed for more experiments to be done which lead to the development of the polio vaccine. As stated by Neil Bhavsar, “the vaccine developed… was only possible because HeLa cells were able to survive in Vitro. The HeLa cells were easy to infect and study, and therefore provided the perfect subject” (Bhavsar). The vaccine itself was developed by a scientists of the name of Jonas Salk. The ability for the cells to be easily infected allowed for the continued development of the polio vaccine.

This allowed the vaccine to be cheap to research and have a low cost. Since it was cheap to research Albert Sabin was able to create an oral polio vaccine. The oral vaccine is now used to vaccinate people in developing countries. Around the 1950s there was a polio epidemic and the cheap cost made it available to everyone, and since 1979 there have been no reported cases of polio in the United States. It should be disclosed that at the time patenting a biological agent was unheard

Anand Sundaram Professor George Bishop USE2307: HIV/AIDS – From Microbes to Nations 6th February, 2015 Book Review: The Invisible Cure by Helen Epstein Helen Epstein’s book “The Invisible Cure: Africa, The West and the Fight Against AIDS” is a powerful account of the AIDS epidemic that has hit hardest in Africa. Epstein is a scientist-turned-writer who merges 15 years of personal observations with scientific reasoning to explain the spread of HIV/AIDS in the continent. She explains why the battle against the disease has been so challenging in Africa in spite of the investment of large amounts of effort and money. Giving the example of Uganda, Epstein argues that the solution may not align with what the proverbial Western World envisions, and that it must come from the Africans themselves.

As well as Preston’s point of view that AIDS also must be taken under considerations because the AIDS symptoms progress slowly, onset of the disease usually occurs in adulthood, and it might be asymptomatic that can be as lethal as the Ebola

Originally, on Tuskegee University, monkey cells were being used to measure the quantity of antibody developed in response to the poliovirus infection. However, since there were not large enough quantities of the cells, another host cell was needed, which ended up being HeLa. With the immortality of HeLa cells and its ability to be easily infected by the poliovirus, it was an amazing alternative source, from there the poliovirus vaccine was created. Before this vaccine, right around 1953, there were close to 60,000 polio cases in the United States. Destroying the results of the polio vaccination could put society in distress, and maybe even beat the amount of polio cases from

It is important for all people to be vaccinated to protect themselves from contracting communicable diseases, from spreading these diseases, and from the high cost of treating these preventable diseases. It would make sense to do so. No one wants to contract diseases, or be laid up if they can prevent it. Getting vaccinated will prevent anyone from spreading contracted diseases to others. It can also be very costly when trying to treating a communicable disease that could have been prevented with a vaccine.

The AIDS epidemic began in the 1980’s and the effects of it were seen all around the globe. Each country led their own unique approach to preventing and curing AIDS, and some strategies worked better than others. The Australian response to AIDS can be considered world leading due to their multifaceted approach against the disease. Australia was successful in educating all people while simultaneously researching ways to cure the disease. Australia made a concerted effort to fight the both the physical disease itself, as well as the social stigma associated with it.

HIV- AIDs is a man-made disease. Some people said the virus came from monkeys but, that was a

HIV/AIDS is an issue that has been plaguing the world since detection and knowledge of the autoimmune disease in the 1980s. And since then the disease has spread rapidly throughout the world, while it is more prevalent in areas of poverty, it is making a strong appearance in the developed countries as well, such as the United States. HIV is a virus. And like all Viruses they cannot grow or reproduce on their own, they need to infect the cells of a living organism in order to thrive. The human immune system usually finds and kills viruses efficiently, however when HIV attacks the immune system itself, it annihilates the immune system and makes it difficult to fight the disease as well as many others.

OUTBREAK Questions: 1. When and where was the Motaba virus first discovered, and what did the government do in order to try and destroy it? The Motaba virus was first discovered in an Motaba River Valley, Zaire in a mercenary camp in 1967. The government sent two soldiers to bomb the camp and try to destroy it, so that the disease would not spread.

The Benefit of Vaccination. Specific Purpose: To let everyone know about Benefit of Vaccinate. Central Idea:

The strongest signs of HIV resistance are found in the MHC loci; they are enormously positive and balancing selection. MHC variants offered an explanation for 19% of the phenotypic variance, which included a protective regulatory variant that is correlated with the expression of human leukocyte antigen. Individuals who are homozygous for null mutations of FUT2 gene do not secrete antigens and are protected against some

Child Vaccinations Throughout the years there has been an increase in the debate on child vaccinations. People have been debating on whether vaccinations for children at young ages is generally safe. There are numerous organizations throughout the United States that deal with child vaccinations. Some people comprehend that child vaccinations damage a child’s body more than they help it, others think different.