Environmental Factors Lab

Procedure Activity 1: Fill 6 large beaker halfway with distilled water, making sure all beakers have equal amounts of water. Cut 6 30 cm dialysis bags and label each bag with a letter, A through F. Fill each dialysis bag with 15 mL of solution A through F that corresponds with the lab on each bag. For example, bag A is filled with solution A. Measure the mass of each dialysis bag and record masses of each bag in BILL. Cover the beakers with paper towel and leave the bags in the beakers overnight. Remove the dialysis bags from the beakers and let dry.

An enzyme is protein that acts as a catalyst. Catalyst is a chemical agent that increases a chemical’s reaction rate by decreasing the activation energy (initial energy). In this experiment we used Turnip Peroxidase as our enzyme. It was primarily designed to find out if changing different factors such as, the enzyme concentration, temperature, pH and an inhibitor could have an effect on the enzyme’s activity.

It was hypothesized that the optimal pH for the enzyme was pH 7 while the 1.0 ml peroxidase would have the best reaction rate. At the end of the experiment the results prove the hypothesis to be incorrect. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are proteins that allow a reaction to speed up. These proteins are made up of monomers known as amino acids.

These temperatures were created by soaking the test tubes in hot water bath or cold water bath for 3 minutes. The rate of enzyme reaction was measured by the height of the bubbles after Hydrogen Peroxide was poured in. Results: The rate of enzyme reaction decreased

For enzymes to operate they must be able to make contact with the substrate; the enzyme or substrate or both must be in solution. Our cells are about 90% water and water is the medium in which most of our biochemistry takes place. The value shows that there is a positive correlation between the rate of reaction and hydrogen peroxide concentration. Catalase, or enzymes, drastically increases the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. This lab shows how catalase added to hydrogen peroxide leads to the release of oxygen, if hydrogen peroxide was required to decompose naturally, life could not survive.

Lay bag down and add about 5mL of water into the bag. Then quickly lift the bag and put substances in corner of bag. Then observe 3.Reference procedure one for and first and second step. After first step put the two substances into one corner of bag then observe.

The effect of pH on the speed of enzyme interaction with substrate chemicals Hypothesis: About pH: If the pH level is less than 5, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will be slower. About temperature: If the temperature stays the same, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will not be completely affected. Background information: The function of enzymes is to speed up the biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, they do this by colliding with the substrate.

5. Withdraw 10 μL of dye from each microcentrifuge tube by filling only the needle tip of the pipet. Note: Fill the tip by squeezing the pipet just above the tip, not the bulb. Use a clean pipet for each dye sample to avoid contaminating the pure samples. Dispense a sample of each dye into a different well in the gel.

Chlor Brite: Dissolve 8 grams of the powder into 4 liters of tap water Remove 1 ml of this solution Add this to 1 liter of water Remove 1 ml of this solution to add to samples in the D group Power Powder Plus

Fill the well with 90ml dh20 to reach 100ml. move 10 ml of the second well to the third well. FIll the third with another 90ml dh20 to reach 100ml. Move 10 ml of the third well to the fourth well. Fill the fourth well with 90ml dh20 to reach 100ml.

In this experiment , we can prove that the temperature, pH and salt are the factors that will affect the structure and function of the enzyme as it is a kind of protein . Therefore, there may be an influence on the activity of enzyme which substrates cannot be binded on the active site if the amylase in too high or low ph and temperature and excess salt environment . On the other hand optimum ph and temperature and suitable salt concentration may favour the amylase activity . Reference : 1.2016, May 08). Effects of pH on Amylase Activity.

5 water bath were set up each to10 °C. (5 were used do the experiment faster) 5 cm3 of starch solution were added into the 5 test tubes that were labeled test tubes. Then 5 cm3 of amylase enzyme was added into the other 5 test tubes that were labeled. Put one of the starch solution test tube (preferably the one labeled 1) and one of the test tube containing amylase into the water bath (10 °C).

This observation matched our figure, with the reaction velocity reaching 100 O2/min when the pH was at 7.0 (neutral level). While other enzymes are most effective at different pH levels, the tertiary structure of the catalase is what makes it the most effective at neutral level. The function of a protein depends on its tertiary structure. If this is disrupted, the protein is said to be denatured, and it loses its activity (Enzymes). After passing neutral level, catalase denatures and loses some of its catalytic

Introduction 1.1 Aim: To determine the kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km, of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme through the determination of the optimum pH and temperature. 1.2 Theory and Principles (General Background): Enzymes are highly specific protein catalysts that are utilised in chemical reactions in biological systems.1 Enzymes, being catalysts, decrease the activation energy required to convert substrates to products. They do this by attaching to the substrate to form an intermediate; the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme. Then, another or the same enzyme reacts with the intermediate to form the final product.2 The rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions is influenced by different environmental conditions, such as: concentration

ABSTRACT: The purpose of the experiments for week 5 and week 6 support each other in the further understanding of enzyme reactions. During week 5, the effects of a substrate and enzyme concentration on enzyme reaction rate was observed. Week 6, the effects of temperature and inhibitor on a reaction rate were monitored. For testing the effects of concentrations, we needed to use the table that was used in week 3, Cells.