The Autonomic Nervous System

For example, for a voluntary reaction the body must listen to the sound so the brain has to process the sound then is signaled to kick. For an involuntary reaction, the process is faster because its automatic and the brain doesn’t have to process the signals. 2. Suggest two ways that relax reactions help maintain homeostasis in the human body. When we relax, we maintain steady breathing levels so relax reactions help maintain homeostasis in the human body by maintaining steady

Often called the fight or flight reflex, stress has been known to save people’s lives, whether it be on a battlefield or some dangerous situation back home. Too much stress ultimately leads to health problems, but too little stress isn’t good for us either. When we go too long without a sharp stimulating response, the body loses its ability to handle stress properly (Tom Scheve, 2009). Somewhere between too much, and too little stress can actually be good for you, helping you perform under pressure. It is when someone cannot turn off that fight or flight feeling that it begins to show its negative effects.

The functions of the human cardiopulmonary system can be broken down into two, circulatory system and the respiratory system. The main goal of these two systems is to maintain homeostasis in our body. Homeostasis can be described as a type of condition where the internal continuity of an individual has to keep steadiness, regardless of any external changes from the outside environment. External changes from the outside environment may include factors such as excitement, stress, exercise, diet, and much more. Exercise can be carried out because the human body can endure a high level of exercise during a prolonged period of time.

CASE STUDY INTERNAL MEDICINE: SYNCOPE MICHAEL RAMARA 27419399 22 SEPTEMBER 2014 Table of Contents 1. Patient’s Case Information. 2.

Question 1 - The Pathophysiology Explain the pathophysiology of Mr Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia and how some of his post-operative assessment data might have contributed to this. In addition explain how the body might compensate for this physiologically (approximately 800 words). (997 Words) Mr George Jensen is a 65-year old male who was brought into Emergency Department with an open fracture of his right tibia and fibula after falling from his roof. Taken to theatre as an emergency case, Mr Jensen had an open reduction and external fixation of his fractures.

According to Martini, F., Tallitsch, R., Nath, J., (2018), the ANS functions outside of our conscious awareness and makes routine adjustments in our body’s systems (Martini, Tallitsch, & Nath, 2018, p. 450). The autonomic nervous system helps maintain the homeostasis of our bodies by regulating body temperature and coordinating cardiovascular, repertory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive functions. Efferent axons innervate the visceral organs and the efferent nerve fibers and ganglia of the ANS organize in two systems or divisions. The sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic division is most active during times of stress, exertion, or emergency, also known as “flight or fight”.

Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address problems and situations. When under stress, your hormones are released and your body goes into a fight or flight response. You begin to sweat more, your heart rate and blood pressure increase, and your muscles tense. This is why stress is so detrimental to our health. Especially for African Americans, who are already at high risk for high blood pressure given that it's part of genetics.

Human body would release cortisol to stimulate metabolism like glycogenolysis, which initially help mobilize energy in times of dealing with stress or complex tasks.

The two branches of the ANS system are SNS which stands for sympathetic nervous system and the PNS which stands for parasympathetic nervous system. The SNS triggers the “fight or flight” response, it originated in the spinal cord. SNS prepares the body to put our energy and to protect it from effects of injury. SNS shuts the gut down, speeds up the heart, increases blood pressure, dilates pupils, makes more glucose available in the blood for energy. PNS is sometimes referred to as the “rest and digest” system.

The hindbrain is one of the major regions of our brains, it is located at the lower back part of the brain. The hindbrain is responsible for our autonomic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure and breathing, it is mainly controlled by the nuclei in the hindbrain, particularly in an area called the medulla oblongata ( Bernstein, 2016, pg.59). There are three part in the hindbrain known as the medulla, the reticular and the cerebellum. The hindbrain controls all the things that you want to automatically work without having to think about them. Can you imagine having to remind your heart to beat or consciously adjust your sense of balance?

INTRODUCTION Stress is a word derived from Latin word “Stingere” meaning to draw tight. (Mojoyinola, 2008) Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand or threat. When you feel threatened, your nervous system responds by releasing a flood of stress hormones, and including adrenaline and cortisol, which rouse the body for emergency action. Your heart pounds faster, muscles tighten, blood pressure rises, breath quickens, and your senses become sharper. These physical changes increase your strength and stamina, speed your reaction time, and enhance your focus.

The muscular system is very important for everyday life. Without it we wouldn't be able to carry out everyday tasks such as writing this paper or tying our shoes or anything. This system also helps us distribute wastes when our body doesn’t need them anymore, which is important because if the wastes build up the toxins will enter your system the wrong way and it will harm you eventuly. This system interacts with the many other systems but the main two are the nervous system and the digestive system. The nervous system is what controls the brain and the brain tells us to move certain parts of our bodies without us knowing it, this is how our involuntary muscles move.

The heart may have the sinoatrial node (SA node) to trigger contraction, but in order for us to breath our nervous system has to signal for us to begin the process of ventilation (breathing). Our brain stem has three parts to it, but only the pons and medulla oblongata play a key role in breathing. The medulla helps set the respiratory rhythm by receiving and sending impulses to a bundle of neurons called the ventral respiratory group to the phrenic nerve to bring about contraction in the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. All this only happens though due to the sensors of the chemoreceptors. The chemoreceptors located in the medulla and carotid and aortic bodies detect a rise in carbon dioxide (CO2).

Nervous Conditions is a partially autobiographical novel by Zimbabwean author Tsitsi Dangarembga that takes place in Rhodesia in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It focuses on the themes of race, class, and gender through the eyes of Tambu, the young female protagonist. The title references Jean Paul Sartre 's introduction to Frantz Fanon 's 1963 book The Wretched of the Earth, in which he writes, "the status of 'native ' is a nervous condition introduced and maintained by the settler among the colonized people with their consent. " Dangarembga expands Fanon 's exploration of African people oppressed by a colonial regime by incorporating the gender-specific role of black women, who are arguably doubly oppressed. The women in Dangarembga 's novel grapple with "nervous conditions" borne from years of colonialism as well as the continued oppression under the Shona power system.

The Nervous System is the control center and one of the most important systems in the human body. The Nervous System is comprised of two parts: The Central and the Peripheral Nervous Systems, which divide into smaller sections. (“Nervous System, sciencedaily.com”) Each part of the Nervous System has jobs that keep humans alive and well.