Paul Bernardo's Application Of Attachment Theory

On March 3, 1963, an 18 year old female was walking home from her job when she was grabbed and thrown in the back seat and tied up. She then was driven around for 20 minutes before the car stopped and the man raped her. After raping her he then dropped her back off at the spot at which he had kidnapped her at. (Greenwood, 5.5) After investigating the crime for ten days, police arrested a 23 year old man named Ernesto Miranda in his own home.

Positivistic school of criminology has the biological, psychological and sociological factors that may lead to an individual committing crime. The kidnapped victims tend also to exhibit certain psychological behaviors. These include Stockholm syndrome where the captives bond with their captors expressing sympathy towards them but it is more of a survival tactic. In their captivity, the victims also exhibit psychological fear mixed with

I can personally relate to this idea because my cognitive, emotional, and social development was influenced by the intimate attachments I had with my parents; the people who responded to my needs with love. When I was seven years old, I ran straight to my mother after I tripped over and broke my arm. My mother comforted me and took me to the doctors, positively responding to my needs. This meant that I felt protected when my parents were within close proximity and I could take risks and explore my environment, allowing me to learn how to relate to others in society (Drewery & Claiborne, 2014). The attachment theory is relevant to my life because the intimate attachments I had with my parents have meant that I have had little cognitive, emotional, and social developmental difficulties, turning me into a secure individual who can function positively into society (McLeod,

Introduction Paul Bernardo also known as Paul Jason Teadle was born on the 17th of August, 1964 in Scarborough, Ontario to the family of Mr. Kenneth Bernardo and Mrs. Marilyn Bernardo. He grew up living with his parents in Scarborough and he attended University of Toronto-Scarborough from 1982 and later worked for an American company called Amway that was into marketing of health, beauty and home care products. In October 1987 Paul Bernardo met Karla Homolka that he later married in June 1991. Paul Bernardo is known till date as the most notorious Canadian serial rapist and murderer, who is commonly referred to as the Scarborough rapist for the several kidnapping, murders and rapes that he commited with his wife, Karla Homolka. Paul Bernarado adopted several techniques to commit his crimes, starting from sometime in May 1987.

2014. Criminological Theory. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education inc. Rengifo, Andres F 2009.

Karla Leanne Holmolka who was a serial killer rapists, was born May 4, 1970 in Ontario, Canada. Karla’s childhood was fairly normal, she was treated well by her parents, siblings, and everyone around her. As a 17-year-old she was pretty, a blonde with blue eyes, who loved animals and always flirted. She wanted to be veterinarian and was working at a clinic in St. Catharines, which was her home town. Karla always fantasized about a dream boy who could sweep her off of her feet and make her life exciting.

Under the advice of his lawyer Anthony plead guilty to a crime he did not commit. -years later in the Ontario court of appeals Anthony was exonerated. -the infamous Scarborough rapist Paul Bernardo and confessed to the

The article, “An Examination of Exposure to Domestic Violence and its Effects on the Attachment Styles of African American Men in Intimate Relationships”, was retrieved from the ProQuest database and written by Destiny N. Hill. The article was published in 2015, it discusses a study done on the effects of domestic violence on African American males attachment styles. The article focuses on one hypothesis, whether there is a significant difference in the attachment styles of men exposed to domestic violence and men who were not exposed. To test the hypothesis a MANOVA test which is a questionnaire, was done to analyze the data taken from the participants. There were thirty participants ranging from age nineteen to forty-nine.

As societal crime rate continues to escalate, the epidemic of homicides and mass murders remains a prevalent social problem. Thus, the emergence of serial killers has caused alarm among many criminologists and psychologists. Serial killers usually have an impulsive desire to kill for no particular reason, which makes it difficult for law enforcement and criminal professionals to understand their motives.

Unknown to Homolka, the handsome boy-next-door Paul Bernardo had already embarked on a clandestine career as a serial rapist. In May of 1987, Bernardo raped a young woman in Scarborough, a small suburban town northeast of Toronto on the shores of Lake

These systems are a set of behaviors activated by environmental stimuli. The attachment system is activated in order to reconnect with a person that provides them emotional safety. The exploratory system allows a person to explore their surrounding environment. Also, the fear/wariness system is used to withdraw from frightening and distressing situations. Another key feature of Attachment Theory are internal working models.

Theories, Key Concepts, Principles, and Assumptions Two theories that will be discussed in this paper is Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and John Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. Erikson’s theory is considered psychosocial, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors within a lifespan, from infancy to later adulthood. Erikson’s theory is broken down into eight consecutive age-defined stages. During each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that contributes to their personality development.

Sigmund Freud (1982) also known as the “Father of Psychoanalysis” claimed that the mother-child connection is an unconscious bond between the infant and the primary caregiver which becomes the dominant force for a pattern of behaviors throughout the infant’s entire lifespan. However, John Bowlby, a British psychologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst developed Freud’s claim further and introduced the attachment theory. According to the US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health “Attachment is one specific aspect of the relationship between a child and a parent with its purpose being to make a child safe, secure and protected. Attachment is distinguished from other aspects of parenting, such as disciplining, entertaining and

Attachment theory is often described as a psychosocial theory as it explores the human experience which is formed by the interaction between the psychology of the individual and the social environment (Howe,

The paper mainly focuses on the conceptual framework of Attachment theory as well as attachment style of a client with Self-esteem issues that helps in the case formulation and treatment plan in Cognitive Behavioural Theory (CBT). Attachment style can be explained as an emotional connection of one person with another. The aim of this research study is to evaluate an association between attachment theory and cognitive behavioural approaches, explicitly pointing out similarities as well as differences between both. For the research analysis, qualitative research methodology has been selected for which distinctive previous researches, books and journal article resources has been examined as the gathered evidences are based on attachment theory