Statement of Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether over the counter pain killers, for example, aspirin, coated aspirin and fast acting aspirin dissolve at different rates affected by the level of acidity in the solvent. Background Research and Theory Drug Solubility is important to patients as well as to manufacturers because drugs, in this case, pain killers, have to dissolve to pass into the blood stream for the medication to take effect. The enhancement of solubility of a prescribed drug increases its oral bio-availability – its availability to be used by the body. Achieving greater bio-availability makes for a challenge to the drug development process especially for oral (by mouth) -drug delivery system. There are several techniques available and reported in literature to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The methods are selected on the basis of certain aspects such as properties of drug under consideration, and whether they will …show more content…
This has interesting implications regarding the aqueous solubility of the acid, since the un-ionized form is much less soluble than its salt. Of further interest, therapeutically, is the fact that it is the un-dissociated acid (HA) that more readily penetrates biological tissues to exert a therapeutic effect. Thus, in formulating the product, the manufacturer must strike a balance between the more soluble salt form and the biologically active acid and factors other than pKa and pH must be considered (e.g. safety and comfort). For researchers and manufacturers, there are ways around lack of solubility. (Gao, 2014) Solubility can vary based on other things such as surface area exposed to the solvent. Pain killers are readily soluble and there is no allowance for differences in surface area between the different sized
Shifa Sayeed can you check if this is all in past tense and if it has personal pronouns? The purpose of this experiment was to observe and thoroughly analyze how different substances of dissimilar intermolecular forces acted in different scenarios of evaporation, evaporative cooling, and boiling. In the lab, the three substances tested and compared were Acetone, Acetic Acid, and Propanol.
Relevant Facts: Nurofen, the pain-relief medication is made by Reckitt Benckiser Australia, a multinational company. The company was found misleading customers for all its specific range that contained the same active ingredient ibuprofen lysine 342mg and was seen to have same effect. The product was advertised the products as been targeting back pain, period pain and tension headaches. The Company was fined $1.7m for misleading customers on range of ‘specific pain’ relief contravening Australian Consumer Law has been brought forward by ACCC. The ACCC had asked federal court to impose $6 million fine.
Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.
In this experiment, the goal was to identify the unknown monoterpene assigned by infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The hypothesis was that the unknown monoterpene was citronellol. The hypothesis was confirmed through the spectroscopes conducted. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed a 214nm with an absorbed energy of 1.006ε. Since it was under 220nm, it showed that there was only one double bond in the molecule.
Manassa Philip BIOL 282 Section #16395 Muscle Physiology 1 Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with muscle tissue and to test what substances are necessary for muscle contraction and whether or not muscles can in fact contract without the presence of Ca+. Hypothesis:
Anti-hypertensives function to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Different classes of medications act in different ways to lower blood pressure. Some medications lower blood pressure by decreasing fluid volume, some reduce peripheral resistance, and others reduce cardiac output. Some medications use a combination of the three.
High-throughput screening techniques involved in the drug development have resulted in an increased number of lipophilic water-insoluble drugs whose clinical advantages are affected by their insolubility in water. The effect
Pages 96-98 in Chemistry 110 Lab Manual. Wilfrid Laurier University, ON, Canada. Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the level of purity by using the values for melting point and absorbance and chemically synthesizing aspirin by using phosphoric acid as a catalyst.
Later on the color changed to green, which indicated the pH was 8.0. Then when we tested the pH with the pH strips they both showed the pH as being 5.0. After that, we added HCl or stomach acid and both drugs dissolved and were soluble. We tested the pH and it dropped to 1.0. They both turned a brownish-yellow when the iron nitrate was added and no other pain reliever or antacid looked like those two.
The unknowns were all basic except for the acetylsalicylic acid which was an acid and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride which was a neutral pH when tested. We tested our unknowns and found that both had a basic pH when tested. When we tested the ingredients for acetone solubility we found that most of the ingredients were acetone soluble except for acetaminophen, cornstarch, and sugar. For unknown A we
Based on the assumed contamination of the TLC plate and or capillary tube, it is not possible to tell whether acetaminophen was successfully separated from the Excedrin powder. The Rf values of isolated aspirin and pure aspirin were the same. This demonstrates that the aspirin was successfully separated and is relatively pure. The isolated caffeine sample had a higher Rf value but when viewed under UV light, the markings of isolated caffeine were within the bounds of the pure caffeine, leading to the conclusion that while isolated the caffeine sample was note
4 Discussion At the beginning of this experiment, simulation and manipulation process are required in order to construct new model of E. coli to be used in this experiment. The new constructed model of E. coli consists of only several pathways which are glycolysis and PPP. Even without glycolysis itself, E. coli still can survive with PPP pathway only. This is as stated by [20], where they mentioned that PPP can be used as a bypass pathway which is the pathway that can be used with additional reactions when the typical glycolysis pathway is not available.
In our previous study it has been reported that the βCD alone increases the solubility of DOM by 2.2 folds where as ternary complex comprising of DOM, βCD and citric acid (CA) increases the solubility of DOM by 76 folds (18). Riebero et al. (2004) have reported that the quaternary inclusion complex (QIC) of a weakly basic drug such as vinpocetine, βCD, tartaric acid and water soluble polymers enhances the solubility of vinpocetine than the ternary complex involving vinpocetine, βCD and tartaric acid. It was found that the polymers increased the stability constant of QIC by co-complex formation (19). Mannitol has been
The barrier of this route is due tortuous structure formed by corneocytes and the drug has to pass through the alternating aqueous domain and lipid by partitioning into the lipid bilayer and diffusing to the inner side of the skin. The water molecules have been travel 50 times more by this route so. It is suitable mainly for uncharged lipophilic
Abiraterone acetate is a lipophilic compound with an octanol-water partition coefficient of 5.12 (cLog P) and is practically insoluble in water (U. S. Food and Drug Administration/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 2012). Based on its physicochemical properties, abiraterone can be made into tablets and consuming with water without or trace solubility before reaching the stomach for further absorption, which increases the bioavailability for the drug. With a cLog P value