As previously stated, the following are the calculated RF values for each plate, Plate 1: Acetaminophen; Acetaminophen (Isolated)- 4.0/6.9= 0.57, Acetaminophen (Pure)- 3.8/6.9=0.55, Excedrin- 4.2/6.9=0.61 Plate 2: Caffeine; Caffeine (Isolated)- 1.9/6.8=0.28, Caffeine (Pure)- 0.8/6.8=0.12, Excedrin-4.0/6.8=0.59 and Plate 3: Aspirin; Aspirin (Isolated)-6.2/7.5=0.83, Aspirin (Pure)-6.2/7.5=0.83, Excedrin-6.8/7.5=0.9. The yield of each isolated analgesic was not calculated. The Rf values of the isolated acetaminophen, pure acetaminophen and Excedrin were all within 0.06. This is most likely due to the contamination of the TLC plate with Excedrin. During plating, drops of the Excedrin solution may have been introduced to the plate. Also, the capillary tube may have been contaminated. This lead to nearly identical marking on the TLC plate and similar Rf values. Due to this, it is not possible to conclude whether or not acetaminophen was separated from the sample of Excedrin. The Rf value of the pure isolated caffeine was 0.28. This was 0.16 higher than the Rf value of the pure caffeine. Although the value of the isolated caffeine is nearly double that of the pure caffeine, it appears that caffeine was separated from Excedrin, but the sample was not pure. It still had other analgesics present. This is concluded from the location …show more content…
Based on the assumed contamination of the TLC plate and or capillary tube, it is not possible to tell whether acetaminophen was successfully separated from the Excedrin powder. The Rf values of isolated aspirin and pure aspirin were the same. This demonstrates that the aspirin was successfully separated and is relatively pure. The isolated caffeine sample had a higher Rf value but when viewed under UV light, the markings of isolated caffeine were within the bounds of the pure caffeine, leading to the conclusion that while isolated the caffeine sample was note
Legal rules currently do not sufficiently discourage predatory pricing of prescription drugs, in this case EpiPens. The price of EpiPens rising in the pharmaceutical industry is legal and immoral. However, Mylan Pharmaceuticals may have violated the antitrust law in its EpiPen sales to schools. In 1890 the United States passed down the antitrust law also known as the Sherman Act. The Sherman Act regulates the conduct and organization of business corporations in order to promote fair competition and outlaw monopolistic business practices.
Psychology truly is everywhere. “The Pain Medication Conundrum” is a news story that was published on August 13, 2015 in the New York Times written by Danielle Ofri. The news story discusses the confusing and difficult problem that the prescribing of pain medication has caused. In summary, the news story explains a situation where an old man, in his mid-60s, entered his primary doctor’s office asking for a prescription of oxycodone for pain because the clinic where he used to get it from closed. In the six months that the doctor had been seeing him, he was unaware that his patient was taking narcotic pain medication.
Structural Features Acetaminophen is a molecule that is made of twenty atoms; its bonds consist of fourteen single bonds and four double bonds. Acetaminophen is also composed of clusters atoms with groups with names. First of all, part of an acetaminophen atom is a benzene ring. A benzene ring is a ring of six carbon atoms that are connected to each other by three double bonds and three single bonds and unusually all the bond are the same size. In addition, to make sure all the electrons in the outer valence are used the there are hydrogen atoms bonded to stabilize the carbon atoms.
Percocet Withdrawal Treatment Percocet is a combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever which is less potent but its effect increased when it is combined with oxycodone. Oxycodone is an opioid pain medication. Percocet is often used as a prescription drug to relieve moderate to severe pain. But too much of Percocet dependency leads to addiction of it.
DISCUSSION Periodontal disease, which is characterized by gingival attachment loss and bone resorption, is a family of diseases affecting the dental supporting tissues. The currently recognized key Gram negative periodontopathogens in the periodontal pocket could damage periodontal tissues and good knowledge of these as well as an adequate treatment could be helpful in treatment of periodontal disease.6 Mechanical therapy is usually the first mode of therapy recommended and is considered the gold standard till date. However, the temporary effect of subgingival scaling and root planing and its inability to eradicate all periodontal pathogens is explained by the unfavourable anatomy or dimensions of periodontal pockets.5 Local delivery of antimicrobial
General Purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform the audience on the effects caffeine has on the body Format: Topical Format: Positive and negative effects I. Introduction to caffeine: What is caffeine? - Caffeine is a natural stimulant most commonly found in tea, coffee and cacao plants.” B. Where else is caffeine mostly found?
Based on the data, the eluent system that represented the best separation of the three compounds, anisole, benzoic acid, and o-toluidine, was the 4:1 hexanes to ethyl acetate ratio because it showed the greatest distance between the compounds. The highest Rf values indicated that the least polar compounds, which traveled the furthest distance, were least attracted to the polar plate due to the smaller amounts of hydrogen bonding that occurred between the compound and the plate. Anisole had the highest Rf values, of 0.920 and 0.773, compared to benzoic acid and o-toluidine because it had the least hydrogen bonding ability to the silica gel, while o-toluidine and benzoic acid may have been able to form more hydrogen bonds to the polar gel. O-toluidine
Pages 96-98 in Chemistry 110 Lab Manual. Wilfrid Laurier University, ON, Canada. Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the level of purity by using the values for melting point and absorbance and chemically synthesizing aspirin by using phosphoric acid as a catalyst.
After that the article gets quite scientific into the make up of caffeine, what it releases, and the structure of caffeine. There were many things to learn from this article. Caffeine is equally addictive to humans as drugs. It was discovered over 5,000 years ago in tea and indian "black drinks" and began to be used in many other things such as chocolate and even pills or "energy shots". The article here leans more into what it actually does to the body.
We identified unknown A as acetaminophen. This is because unknown A had all the same tested properties as acetaminophen when we performed our tests. For unknown B we found it to be acetaminophen and caffeine. This is because like unknown A, unknown B properties were the same as acetaminophen, but unknown B was acetone soluble. Unknown B has similar properties to caffeine because it was acetone soluble and because caffeine was the only basic pH tested to change color during the FeCl3 test.
There are side effects of caffeine with high dosage such as insomnia and headaches and prolong usage may lead to dependence on caffeine. Caffeine can be found in tea leaves, coffee, kola nuts and cocoa beans with varying amounts. About 5% of the leaf weight comprises
The Life & Death Of Super-Aspirin The life duration of super-aspirin is preventing blood clots leading to heart attacks and strokes after an angioplasty procedure and also a blood thinning agent. And the death of super-aspirin that leads to the blood thinning receptor to form more blood clots, than fewer. The life survival of angioplasty procedure is taking super-aspirin, which helps stop the forming of blood clots. As stated from WebMD “more super-aspirin protect heart better.”
TLC was used to identify the actual unknown product as well as other products/reactants present in the filtered solution. The procedure was conducted by placing a TLC plate in a developing chamber that is filled with a small amount of solvent. The solvent cannot be too polar because it will cause spotted compounds on the TLC plate to rise up too fast, while a very non-polar solvent will not allow the spots to move. The polarity of the spots also determines how far it moves on the plate; non-polar spots are higher than polar ones. After spots on the TLC form, the Rf values are calculated and used to analyze the similarity of the compounds.
Caffeine is a chemical found naturally in few plants all over the world. From these plants it is processed into its pure form and then put into other things such as soda, energy drinks, tea, and pills. Energy drinks and soda are some of the most widely marketed products in the world, even though they contain the highest concentration of caffeine outside of pure caffeine supplements. It is a stimulant that affects everyone in strange but semi predictable ways. Research has been done on this topic since the 1920’s and many different conclusions have been reached.
Caffeine is a drug that stocks traits with other addictive materials which includes amphetamines, cocaine, and heroin. The biochemical mechanisms of caffeine and different capsules, used to stimulate mind characteristic, are the equal. As a