Answer the following question:
Define the term experiment. The term experiment is defined as a method to confirm, verify, refute, or establish the validity of a hypothesis.
When James Lind carried out his controlled experiment to find the cure for scurvy, how did he chose the six remedies that he used as treatments?
When James Lind performed his experiment, he chose the six remedies with an intention to not have an effect of the variances. He selected 12 men from the ship who suffered scurvy. He divided those 12 men into pairs and provided supplements to their basic diet for two weeks.
Based upon the work of Ronald Fisher, why are the following principles of Experimental design important?
Comparison: The purpose of comparison is to make sure
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5) What is “p-hacking”? The term p-hacking is defined as a technique in which things get multiplied unless and until they obtain a desired result.
6) Describe the term confounding factors.
Confounding factors are factors that impair the accuracy or repeatability of an experiment. In other words, it is an ability to interpret results.
7) Describe/define each of the types of experiments
Controlled: An experiment that gets compared from experimental samples with control samples. Basically, they are identical to the experimental sample which is the independent variable.
Natural: Experiments that depend on the observations of the variables that are being studied. And it does not apply to the manipulations of less variables of a controlled experiments.
Field: Experiments that have a scientific control and tests a hypothesis in an artificial and highly controlled setting of a laboratory.
8) Explain how each experiment type (question 7) differs from the
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Gopnik continues her article about children using their past to shape their future. She introduces the topic of causal understanding. Causal understanding includes the understanding the relationship between cause and effect. When people understand the relationship between cause and effect, it can allow them the change the process of habituation. Learning what goes wrong in life, can help assist breaking bad habits.
The subject of this essay concerns the Conformity Experiment, also known as the Obedience to Authority Experiment, conducted by Stanley Milgram in 1961. He started studying this phenomenon in order to understand the behaviour of individuals subject to authority, after Adolf Eichmann, one of the major organizers of the Holocaust, declared during the trial held in Jerusalem, that he was just carrying out Hitler 's orders. For what reason do humans, in specific circumstances, delegate their own autonomy to authority? Are people able to execute orders, that are conflicting with their own morality and virtue, when those orders are given by an authoritarian figure?
Experimental Archaeology focuses on experiments and theories in order to determine what possible use a certain artifact was for, such as in a utilitarian sense or symbolically. Archaeologists then are able to develop a sense of how the people who used those specific artifacts functioned in their society. The science of experiments in Anthropology has been helpful in gaining insight as to how certain cultures have lived in the past. One such example comes from the Journal of Archaeological Science. In the Stone-boiling maize with limestone: experimental results and implications for nutrition among SE Utah preceramic groups by Emily C. Ellwood, M. Paul Scott, William D. Lipe, R.G. Matson, and John G. Jones, the authors discuss and attempt
What does that say about the cause of scientific inquiry? If you disagree with this approach, how else can you test the effect of diet? (A) I think that it is moral to do experiments with diet if it will change a delinquent’s criminal behavior. Most of our juvenile delinquents
Scientific experiments can have little significance. Others can change lives. In Daniel Keyes’ 1966 novel Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon partakes in an experiment designed to increase his intelligence. However, the experiment ends up failing. In Robert Louis Stevenson’s
The experiment was executed well. Yet, there are unethical practices happened during the experiment. First, the participants were not fully informed about the experiment. The researchers did not explain to the participants the processes in conducting the experiment. The participants were not informed that they would be arrested by cops in their homes.
As I indicated in the opening chapter, entertaining too many variables can leave one hopelessly confused and without a direction to pursue. The capacity and willingness to acknowledge variables and to account for them would undermine many of the assumptions that we take for granted, or
For active experiment, in the case of the physics study related to the loss in energy on the bouncing of a ball mentioned earlier, the experimenter sets a definitive procedure of conducting the experiment which must not be altered in any circumstance. All those who choose to follow up and repeat the experiment then contribute to the evidences gathered for the
The Fundamental Attribution Error states that people tend to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences on others’ behavior and underestimate the impact of situational influences on other behavior's. In order to better understand this, we must set clear what dispositional and situational influences are. Dispositional influences we refer to enduring characteristics, such as personality traits, attitudes, and intelligence; influences found inside every individual. On the other hand, situational influences refer to external situations that can influence someone to behave in someway.
Darwin suggested that the scientific method is used to resolve the mysteries that are upon nature because people are unknown of the science aspect of life because they believe in the workings of God. " islands catalyzed the scientific revolution that now bears his name. Darwin’s revolutionary theory was that new species arise naturally, by a process of evolution, rather than having been created—forever immutable—by God.” [2] In class, we discussed the best definition for science and it was “science is the systematic, objective, acquisition, of falsifiable knowledge through observation and experiment.” Although, Darwin uses science, he had some differences in the meaning of science.
b) What are the differences between an experimental, quasi-experimental, non-experimental and descriptive design? Experimental research design: In the experimental designs participants are randomly allocated to independent variable, which means researchers can manipulate the independent variable and assess the outcome. The experimental design which evaluates the cause and effect relationship and it can perform in lab and real life conditions with one group treated as a experiment and other group is placebo. The experimental designs are highly reliable and controlled, but it needs ethical approval from government.
Ask a question, identify a problem, or state an objective 3. Formulate a hypothesis 4. Design an experiment 5. Analyze data and draw a conclusion 6. Report the results of the experiment A Research Question
Introduction The topic that will be discussed is biometry/biostatistics. Biostatistics encompasses a lot of different fields put together. It is important in medicine, pharmacy, agricultural and fishery. It is useful because combines two subjects together(Biology and Mathematic), not only that, it is also used to improve different assortments of analytical methods. Biological Perspective of Biostatistics
Attribution is designating an outcome to one or more external or internal factors. There are two main errors in attribution: Fundamental attribution errors (FAE) and self-serving bias (SSB). Fundamental Attribution Errors are when people overestimate the role of dispositional factors in an individual's behavior culminating in illogical conclusions. In FAEs, people observe and make conclusions straight away, assuming that it is a dispositional factor. Dispositional factors have to do with personal/internal and generally unchanging characteristics, which are specific to a person.