CHAPTER NO. 01
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Culture is an all inclusive system of communications which incorporates the biological and technical behavior of human beings with their verbal and nonverbal systems of expressive behavior. Culture is the sum total of a way of life, including such things as expected behavior, beliefs, values, language, and living practices shared by members of a society; it is the pattern of values, traits, or behaviors shared by the people within a region. Some catalyst must exist that is capable of transforming private meanings into public meanings so they become understood by other members of the society; culture is that catalyst (Herbig & Dunphy, 1998).
Culture comprises an entire set of social norms and responses
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However, when a specific standard no longer fully satisfies the members of a society, it is modified or replaced, so that the resulting standard is more in line with the current needs and desires of the society. Thus, culture gradually but continually evolves to meet the needs of society (Herbig & Dunphy, 1998).
Fundamentally, groups of individuals develop their own environment as an adaptation to the physical environment, and they pass down their customs, practices, and traditions from generation to generation (Harris and Moran, 1979).
The term “stress” originated in the field of physics and was transferred into psychology. Basically, the idea is that human beings tend to resist external forces acting upon them, just as do physical materials and bodies (Hobfull, 1989). Today the concept of stress is widespread but controversial, and is defined in several different ways (Keinan, 1997): Stress as stimulation, stress is an extremely powerful (and at times unusual) stimulation which combines characteristics of loss and threat; Stress as reaction, stress is a reaction to a particular event; Stress as relation, this definition combines both previous
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RQ2: What is the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance?
1.5 Objectives of the Current Research
The objectives of the current research is as follows:
1. To measure the relationship between organizational culture and job stress.
2. To measure the relationship between organizational culture and employees performance.
1.6 Significance of the Current Research
Banking sector of Pakistan needs enriched cultural values of the organization, which reduces the job stress among the employee’s and enhances employee’s performance. This research is conducted on the current and latest issue, which is now a serious dilemma in the banking sector of Pakistan. This research contributes in the literature and benefits to increase the employee’s performance in the banking sector. A high cultural value increases the commitment of the employees and also leads to increase the profitability of the banks.
1.7 Scope of the Current
Unit 2 Assignment: Diagnostic Writer’s Response Whether it is a little or a lot, everyone experiences stress at some point. Stress does not always have a negative effect, most of the time the effects can be positive. On the other hand stress is associated with the development of most major mental health problems such as depression, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and pathological aging (Marin, 2011). It has also been linked to all leading physical causes of death such as heart disease, cancer and stroke (Cohen, Janicki-Deverts, & Miller, 2007).
Culture is a dynamic area of social activity
Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- those learned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next, including the embodiment of these patterns in material items. Culture provides the meanings that enable human beings to interpret their experiences and guide their actions (Hughes and Kroehler, 2013). The African culture have played a role in our society for many years. America is known for its diversity and is called the melting pot.
Every day we use our culture. Whether it be to argue claims, express opinions, or make decisions, culture plays a part in each area. Culture is who we are, one’s identity, its extent is enormous over our views and actions. A person grows up surrounded with culture at a young age. This can affect how they learn and what they learn.
Cultures refers to the language, beliefs, values, beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that characterize a group and are passed from one generation to the next. And cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population is called - Popular Culture. In this study, we will focus on hip hop culture in the United State. It is safe to say that music is one of many things that we can’t live without.
All that we do, we are bound to encounter stress. Stress can be defined as a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. Whenever one is facing difficulty ,suffering anxiety, or feeling worried,stress will immediately take over. Stress has been, and will remain to be, a natural part of our daily routine. This causes many to underestimate its overall effects.
As a group or society, we define culture as the shared beliefs, values, customs, practices, and artifacts we share. I learned that culture is not static but is rather dynamic and constantly evolving. Interacting with people from different cultures and backgrounds has been an enriching experience for me. This has helped me develop a more nuanced understanding of cultural differences and the impact they can have on communication and
According to National Institute of Health, stress is an internal state that people experience as they encounter changes throughout their lives. III. I have learned about the effects of stress due to my personal experience such as dealing with depression, weight gain, and being antisocial. IV. Today I will explain the physical, mental, and emotional effects of stress.
The Importance of a Company’s Culture The culture of a company is one of the most important and sometimes overlooked factors in an organization. The culture can increase employee engagement and increase productivity which will allow a company to reach its goals, “From productivity and engagement in the organization’s day-to-day, to an employer brand that naturally fuels recruiting efforts, to creating a lasting brand that customers immediately recognize, there’s no escaping it – culture radiates outward into the marketplace” (Straz 2015). The culture can have a great impact on the employees. Employees thrive in a positive working environment and the ability to engage with their managers without fear of retaliation.
List the citation (in APA format) 1. What is the citation of the article? Greer, T.M. (2008). Racial and ethnic-related stressors as predictors of perceived stress and academic performance for african american students at a historically black college and university. The Journal of Negro Education, 77(1), 60-71.
INTRODUCTION Stress is a word derived from Latin word “Stingere” meaning to draw tight. (Mojoyinola, 2008) Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand or threat. When you feel threatened, your nervous system responds by releasing a flood of stress hormones, and including adrenaline and cortisol, which rouse the body for emergency action. Your heart pounds faster, muscles tighten, blood pressure rises, breath quickens, and your senses become sharper. These physical changes increase your strength and stamina, speed your reaction time, and enhance your focus.
Culture is defined by characteristics that are shared by a group of people. It is usually represented by language, religion, cuisine, traditional clothes, music, arts, and is dependent on social habits. Therefore, culture plays a major role in an individual’s perspective of life and his/her personality. Cultures have differed than each other, depending on the places they were established in, the way of survival people pursued to acclimate with different circumstances, and how they shared their experiences with each other.
It involves breaking up of a society into small manageable groups with every person having different functions in different groups. Examples of these groups are family, friends, work colleagues, religious groups, interest groups, etc. These groups can be demarcated into primary groups and secondary groups. Primary groups such as family and friends are small, personal, intimate and permanent in nature in contrast to secondary groups like work colleagues and interest groups which are usually impersonal, large and are created for a specific purpose. b. Customs and Traditions: Every culture has its own ideas of right and wrong which can be in the form
Culture insinuates the total store of learning, information, feelings, values, perspectives, suggestions, dynamic frameworks, religion, thoughts of time, parts, spatial relations, thoughts of the universe, and material things and having a place obtained by a social occasion of People over the traverse of periods through individual and get together trying. Culture is the system of data shared by a respectably generous social event of people. Culture is correspondence, correspondence is culture. Culture in its broadest sense is created direct; That is the totality of a man's informed, amassed experience that is socially transmitted, or more rapidly, lead through social learning. A culture is a way of life of a social event of people the practices,
A few societies support development and threats, while others admonish the individuals who challenge set up standards and practices. The report showed how Etihad Airways culture effect on the employees and their performance. Each company must consider and apply the best way to create the greatest culture to their