Introduction
The gender pay gap has long been investigated and it is hard to pinpoint exactly why there is a gap between the amounts of money that men earn the amount of money earned by women. There are so many factors that go into why someone is paid more than someone else that it could be said because of so many of these factors that a wage gap does not exist at all. Throughout the paper wage gap will be explored and how choices both men and women make factor into the pay gap. Also how a wage gap may not exist and it all lies in choices made by both genders, but the most common idea of discrimination towards women could also be a factor in pay differences.
How Career Choices Affect the Pay Gap.
Choices… this could be the reason that a “wage
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As explained in the first paragraph it is all up to the choices made by each gender. There are many factors that go into doing the calculations for finding the wage gap between genders and among choices that are made regarding career there are also choices that are uncontrollable like being unemployed. In a study by the Journal of Labor Economics (2008) it was discovered that “women tend on average to be more positively selected into work than men. However, the difference between actual and potential wage gaps is small...where the gender employment gap is highest.” (P. 625). This piece of evidence is very important because when calculating for the wage gap unemployment is also taken into factor and there is a big gender employment gap with more women not in jobs. This means women will be earning less money when averaged with men because more men have jobs. Many women are out of work for many reasons such as family matters and still in a patriarchal society today men are seen as the “breadwinners” of families however, society is ever changing. Besides unemployment another major factor that goes into the so called wage gap are women's choices in jobs as well as the responsibilities many women are felt they need to take on as well as a career. In a paper by Watson (2017) the author states “Primarily, women are more likely to take time off work for childcare, leading to less experience and fewer opportunities for career growth later in life. Some blame oppressive societal gender roles for urging women to be the caretakers of the home, but the reality is that women are less likely to devote the majority of their lives to their careers -- leading to fewer overall wage earnings.” (P. 1). These factors such as being caretakers at home are reasons why when wage gap is calculated it is seen that women are earning less than men but as explained because some women do not devote themselves to
Numerous economists suppose that when work experience, education, and occupation are taken into consideration, women earn approximately equal to what men earn (Brittan & Onder 16). However, in recent decades, women have received more education, expanded their experience, and transferred toward higher paying occupations, so wouldn’t this mean that the wage gap would decrease? These economists state that since women, in general, are less involved in the labor market due to having children, providing elder care, this may lead to part-time work, meaning less pay than men, whom usually obtain full-time work. Also, women are also more likely to enter and leave work; women may lose their connection with the work force and may even regress professionally. While there are some factors that help explain the gap, a significant percentage remains unexplained, which is due to bias
Sometimes, women are not given the chance to make more money because employers think that men are stronger, smarter, or more experienced or skilled (Gender Differences 84). This obviously means that women do not get a fair chance to get higher paying jobs in some cases. However, women know how to fight and try to make things right. An example of this is in the article “Understanding the ‘‘Family Gap’’ in Pay for Women with Children”. Jane Waldfogel states that if women had “not increased their investments in education and experience, the gender pay gap would have widened in the 1980s simply due to the changes in the overall wage structure” (140).
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that single women who have never married earned 96 percent of men's earnings in 2012. When children comes into the picture, women tend to spend less time at work than men, furthermore, child care takes mothers out of the labor market, so when they return they have less work experience than similarly-aged males. Education also affects the wage gap. According to research studies, even within groups with the same educational attainment, women often choose fields of study, such as sociology, liberal arts or psychology, that pay less in the labor market. Men are more likely to major in finance, accounting or engineering.
If this is the case, care workers would have low wages even if men dominated this work force. Can the gender pay gap be explained using multiple frameworks and can these frameworks be applied to other areas of
Paragraphs will be ordered in terms of topic, rhetoric analysis, evidence, collaboration between results to embody my argument and to provide contributing factors and there effect on a universal standpoint to the ethos of women (religion, maternal implications, upbringing, geographic location). A contributing factor leading to gender inequality and segregation in the workforce is geographic location. This refers to the general identification and location of individuals and or data (Jones, 2015) and no matter where you are based in the world, there will always be gender inequality and segregation in the workforce. Pay gaps across such a place as the America, has seen a difference of 77% between men and women in pay. This means that women get roughly 77cents per dollar less than the average white man across the country (Casserly, 2015).
Research shows wage gaps are solely a product of the choices of the second party. Woman have chosen what level of education they wish to pursue, the fields they wish to be in, and where they work. When looking back at a censuses of the early-to-mid 1900’s the majority of working women worked at small enterprises rather than booming companies: large Firms pay at higher rates, their payout going predominantly to males of the working class (Rubenstien, Michael Harvey). When taken under the scope, large enterprises rejected woman workers, and if they did hire, the lady’s income would be significantly smaller. Consequently, companies would deny the reason being that they were of a different sex, and rather blame it on how little education the skill the person had, “Frequently, even when given raises, their new pay still comes short of that of their male coworkers.
Social stratification has been a part of society for thousands of years and has yet to dissipate. It is prevalent on the micro and macro level and has been a part of various societies and cultures ranging from the united states all the way to India. Social Stratification, "is a system of inequality that takes into account the differences among individual members of a society and ranks them by their wealth, power, prestige, and ascribed status, thus creating a social hierarchy" (Larkin, 2015, para. 5). The organizing principles of social stratification are class, gender, and race. The caste, slavery, and class system are all products of social stratification and have been seen throughout history.
They both have one point to backup their claim on how gender wage gap is a myth. Both state there is no such thing as the gap because of the jobs women pick. Women choose jobs with fewer risk. They like to get jobs with greater flexibility, regular hours and with more personal time. Having these evidence make these articles
It is time to face the facts and find solutions for this epidemic. To obtain a better grasp of the severity of the gender wage gap, it is important to understand the data. Per the textbook, out of full-time, year-round workers in 2010, the gender wage gap was 77 percent. This number is found by dividing women’s annual income by men’s. Various other ways of measuring the gap exist, but they are
It is said that because of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, the gender wage gap no longer exists. Studies today show that the gender wage gap is still very much alive. In the 6th edition of Women’s Voices, Feminist Visions: Classic and Contemporary Readings written by Susan M. Shaw and Janet Lee, Shaw and Lee explain, “the gender wage gap is an index of the status of women’s earnings relative to men’s and is expressed as a percentage and is calculated by diving the median annual earnings for women by the median annual earnings for men” (Shaw and Lee 497). Data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics in 2010 showed the ratio of women’s to men’s annual earnings were 77%. This means for every dollar a man made, a woman made 77 cents.
Brooke Smith McKee DE US History March 21, 2016 Pay Gap Do you ever feel like even though you have done just as much work as someone else, you were not rewarded as much? Do you feel it is important that all of us deserve to have the same rights, status, and opportunities? Think about your gender, race, age, origin, class, income, language, religion, health, and preferences. Have any of these made you feel that life is unfair or affected your work place?
When the Equal Pay Act was signed, women were only making 59 cents for every dollar men were making (The Gender Pay Gap). Every year, especially around election time, new statistics are released asserting that despite considerable efforts to close the wage gap between women and men, it still exists. The latest reports state that women generally make 81 cents for every male’s dollar earned today, but the numbers that come out can sometimes be as low as 77 cents on the dollar (Taranto). Statistically, the general consensus is that the wage gap has gotten better, but it is still present. Though the wage gap has declined, the National Organization of Women reported that at the rate of decline that exists now, the wage gap would not close completely until 2058 in the United States (The Gender Pay Gap).
The gender pay gap is a significant issue in the United States because it promotes institutional and internal sexism and the unfair treatment of human beings. An infamous statistic about the wage gap has been the 77 cent statistic, stating that for every dollar a man earns, a woman earns 77 cents. The statistic is calculated by, “...dividing the median earnings of full-time, year-round, working women by the median earnings of full-time, year-round, working men, all rounded to the nearest $100” (Glynn 2). This, however, represents males and females from all occupations, causing opponents to argue that, because it does not represent the gap between people who have the same job, a wage gap does not exist. Nonetheless, multiple studies have proven that a gender pay gap does exist within the United States.
As of 2015 women are only making between $0.76 and $0.80 for every dollar men are making. The pay gap does vary by each job, CNBC says “Of course, the pay gap varies greatly by industry. The disparity was largest — nearly 30 percent — between men and women in finance and insurance, without controlling for job title, education and years of experience, among other factors,” click here for link. As you can see women are clearly paid less than men of the same career and 83% of women believe that along with 68% of men who feel they are being paid more as well. In addition to this women have come forward and explained how they are paid less than men who are their co-hosts, co-workers,
Annotated Bibliography Quast, L. (2015, November 22). The Gender Pay Gap Issue Is Fixable -- But May Require Bolder Actions To Overcome. Retrieved from Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/lisaquast/2015/11/22/the-gender-pay-gap-issue-is-fixable-but-may-require-bolder-actions-to-overcome/2/ It is reported by the Economic Policy Institute that although women had made tremendous records entering into workforce and gain great successes in education, but their wage is 83% comparing to men. The world forum also released a report in 2015 that women now make as much as men earned a decade ago.