Abstract This experiment showed that temperature, concentration and pH all affect the rate of enzyme reaction differently. Enzymes are very important in organisms and therefore understanding how and why they work the way they do in specific conditions is crucial. The results showed that an increase in temperature would also increase the reaction rate, until a temperature that was too high, where the enzymes began to denature and therefore the rate of reaction was slowed down. As concentration was increased, the reaction rate continued to increase. The higher the concentration, the more rapid increase in reaction rate occurred. The alkaline phosphatase worked best in alkaline conditions, having a pH of 11. The results found in this experiment …show more content…
Enzymes are essential in the body because without them, the chemical reactions would take place too slowly and we would die as a result. Depending on the type of enzyme will depend on its job. Enzymes also help with cell growth and communication, by keeping these under control. BACE1 is an enzyme that is found in the brain. This enzyme can be found in the highest activity levels in the brain, specifically in neuron cells and tissues. This enzyme was also found to be acidic. BACE1 has been found to possibly increase due to chronic injury and stress, and may cause harmful side effects when Beta-Amyloid is overproduced. (Vassar. R., Cole. S. L., (2007)). This enzyme is related to Alzheimer’s disease, as it has been found to be a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease. (Mol. J., (2004) ; 23 (1-2):105-14.). When pH, temperature and concentration are increased, the rate of reaction will also increase as a …show more content…
15 mL of Solution A and B were mixed together to form solution F. Eight cuvettes were labeled distinctly as 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, where “a” cuvettes were used for the concentration experiment and “b” cuvettes were used for the temperature experiment. Cuvette 1, the blank tube was prepared and the spectrophotometer was set to 405 nm. The enzyme was added, upon being ready to start the experiment, to tube 1 which then became tube “1a.” 3 mL of solution F was added to each cuvette, both “a” and “b.” The “b” cuvettes were then placed in their specific temperatures, 1b in the fridge, 2b in room temperature, 3b in a 32 degrees Celsius water bath and 4b in a 60 degree water bath. The temperature was recorded using a thermometer that was placed in the surroundings of the tube. The cuvettes were retrieved from their respected conditions. 100 micro liters of solution C was added to cuvette 1b, 2b, 3b and 4busing a micropipette, the cuvette was covered with Para film in order to be mixed, then removed and was placed in the spectrophotometer. The absorbance was recorded immediately, then every thirty seconds for five minutes. Different volumes of solution C were added to cuvettes 1a-4a. 100 micro liters to 1a, 400 microliters to 2a, 200 micro liters to 3a and 500 micro liters to 4a. The cuvettes were then covered with Para film and mixed; the Para film was then removed before the cuvette was placed in the spectrophotometer. The
It was hypothesized that the optimal pH for the enzyme was pH 7 while the 1.0 ml peroxidase would have the best reaction rate. At the end of the experiment the results prove the hypothesis to be incorrect. INTRODUCTION Enzymes are proteins that allow a reaction to speed up. These proteins are made up of monomers known as amino acids.
Fill each cuvettes with its respective solution. Turn on the spectrophotometer, so it can warm up then calibrate it to 0% absorbance. Put the corresponding extract blank and set the spectrophotometer to 100% transmittance, then calibrate it to 540 nm. Once catechol is added in the cuvettes, make sure the solution is mixed. Place carrot cuvette in the spectrophotometer and record the resulting transmittance.
The effect of pH on the speed of enzyme interaction with substrate chemicals Hypothesis: About pH: If the pH level is less than 5, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will be slower. About temperature: If the temperature stays the same, then the speed of the enzyme reaction will not be completely affected. Background information: The function of enzymes is to speed up the biochemical reaction by lowering the activation energy, they do this by colliding with the substrate.
purpose the propose of this experiment was too see if the chemical reaction of a enzyme can be made faster. Hypothesis I think that a warm environment would be best to make an enzyme’s reaction faster. because a protein can move faster in heat.
Sucrase activity increases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity 1. Dependent Variable amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced 2. Independent Variable pH 3. Controlled Variables temperature, amount of substrate (sucrose) present, sucrase + sucrose incubation time Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity 1.
Abstract Enzymes have one active site that empowers the substrate to tie to the enzyme which then structures the enzyme substrate and finally, after, discharges the items. The primary function of enzymes is to control the chemical responses that happen in cells. Fungal and Bacterial amylase are the proteins that were concentrated on for their capacity to separate starch. With a specific end goal to decide how temperature influences the action of amylase enzymes and ideal temperature of fungal and bacterial amylase, the action of these compounds were tried at distinctive temperature and times and iodine was utilized as a marker of starch.
LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Natalie Banc Instructor: Elizabeth Kraske Date: 09.22.2016 Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 50 °C (122 °F) 3. Sucrase activity increases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity 1. Dependent Variable amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced 2.
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions enabling more products to be formed within a shorter span of time. Enzymes are fragile and easily disrupted by heat or other mild treatment. Studying the effect of temperature and substrate concentration on enzyme concentration allows better understanding of optimum conditions which enzymes can function. An example of an enzyme catalyzed reaction is enzymatic hydrolysis of an artificial substrate, o-Nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) used in place of lactose. Upon hydrolysis by B-galactosidase, a yellow colored compound o-Nitrophenol (ONP) is formed.
These factors include the pH and the temperature of the solution (1). Most enzymes have a preferred temperature and pH range (2). The preferred temperature for catalase falls between the ranges of thirty five to fifty degrees Celsius (4). Temperatures that are too high denature the enzyme and halt the enzyme’s activity (2). Catalase denatures starts to denature at fifty five degrees Celsius (2).
There are several factors affecting enzyme activity. These are temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentration, enzyme:substrate ratio, and surface area. Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy needed to kickstart the reaction. In a liquid substance, this means that there are more random collisions between the molecules. Because increasing the temperature speeds up the rate of reaction, more
These enzymes have a secondary and tertiary structure and this could be affected by increases and decreases in temperature beyond the optimum temperature of the enzyme to work in. Mostly enzymes are highly affected any changes in temperature beyond the enzymes optimum. There are too
Introduction 1.1 Aim: To determine the kinetic parameters, Vmax and Km, of the alkaline phosphatase enzyme through the determination of the optimum pH and temperature. 1.2 Theory and Principles (General Background): Enzymes are highly specific protein catalysts that are utilised in chemical reactions in biological systems.1 Enzymes, being catalysts, decrease the activation energy required to convert substrates to products. They do this by attaching to the substrate to form an intermediate; the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme. Then, another or the same enzyme reacts with the intermediate to form the final product.2 The rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions is influenced by different environmental conditions, such as: concentration
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the experiments for week 5 and week 6 support each other in the further understanding of enzyme reactions. During week 5, the effects of a substrate and enzyme concentration on enzyme reaction rate was observed. Week 6, the effects of temperature and inhibitor on a reaction rate were monitored. For testing the effects of concentrations, we needed to use the table that was used in week 3, Cells.
This happens because enzymes lower the activation energy, as they provide an alternative reaction pathway. The decrease in the energy level aids in making the process happen faster (Jae In Lee, 2011) A catalase is an enzyme, which is found in all living organisms. This enzyme helps to convert hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Chemical actions that happen within the cell produces hydrogen peroxide, which is poisonous and therefore can kill the organism.
Factors that Influence Enzyme Function There are several factors that affect the enzyme function as well as the rate at which the enzyme reactions proceed. Some factors include temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators. Temperature Temperature affects greatly as the temperature rises, reacting molecules have more and more kinetic energy. This increases the chances of a successful collision, thus the rate increases. This factor also have a certain optimal temperature.