Double Victory Takaki Analysis

Their group was a test group. It was to see if African Americans can have their own military group. The men were recruited if they had to past a training course. They had to have a good IQ in other

U.S. Soldier’s Respond on Truman’s Executive Order Many white soldiers opposed the Executive Order 9981 by protesting and retiring from the U.S. armed forces, in spite of the fact that issuing this order is one small spark of innovation of equality. African-Americans were still battling essentially with discrimination in the military because some regiments were still segregated. The order was not taken full effect after the Korean War.

On July 26, 1948, President Harry Truman signed Executive Order 9981 which ended segregation in the Armed Forces. Executive Order 9981 states “It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services.” These were the words that granted everyone in the United States Armed Forces equal treatment despite race, color, or creed. This was made possible by civil rights activists, such as Philip Randolph (Lilley). Their valiant efforts led to the end of discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and played a major role in the creation of EO 9981.

“In 1948, President Harry Truman enacted Executive Order No. 9981 - directing equality of treatment and opportunity in all of the United States Armed Forces, which in time led to the end of racial segregation in the U.S. military forces.” From 1941 to 1946, 992 pilots were trained in Tuskegee. 84 of those pilots lost their lives in accidents or during combat. One misconception is that the Tuskegee Airmen never lost a bomber. This is obviously not true.

During World War I and World War II, several hundred of American Indians joined the U.S. military and used traditional tribe language as a source of a weapon. The military asked if they could use their tribal language to create a secret communication. America’s enemies were never able to decipher the codes the American Indians sent. They became known as “Code Talkers”, and are twentieth-century American Indian heroes who notably assisted the victory in the U.S. and its allies. History of Code Talkers

This is due in part to the large number of African-Americans that had travelled across the United States in order to escape from the South’s violent racism in the early 1900’s. Despite this move, they continued to face significant racial discrimination, even up until WWII, where they struggled to find employment despite the country’s pressing need for a larger military (Burton, March 2nd, 2023) after WWI. The Executive Order 8802, signed by Franklin Roosevelt, the President of the United States at the time, eventually allowed them more job opportunities, as it “banned racial discrimination in Federal Industries” (Burton, March 2nd, 2023). At this time, the United States attached a moral mission to defeating Germany specifically, due to their being horrified at the discovery of its Nazi concentration

He wanted nothing to do with the white men, or the US government, or the US Army. He wanted to live in peace with his

We are fully armed, and equipped, have done all the various duties pertaining to a Soldier’s life…” (Gooding, 221). The blood of his fellow man has stained the ground that protected Union, so they deserve to be paid as equals to those of a lighter skin. Time after time, before and during the war, black men were refused the privilege to fight for their nation. Now that their country needs them most, the question remains as to why they are not equally treated and rewarded as others who fight for the same thing.

During July of 1941, millions of jobs were being created, primarily in densely-populated areas, as the United States prepared to enter World War II. These densely-populated areas had large numbers of migration, specifically from African Americans, who sought to work in defense industries, but were often met with rejection and discrimination within the workplace. A. Philip Randolph, a civil rights activist and president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, and other black leaders, met with Eleanor Roosevelt and members of the President’s cabinet. They demanded action from Franklin Delano Roosevelt to be taken towards eliminating racial bias in the workplace; they threatened to commence a March on Washington if an executive order was not

Roosevelt’s executive order. Even with these new, increasing opportunities, racism is still extremely present. In the workplace, black workers are treated differently than whites, even when working the same jobs. In the story, we see the negative feelings from the white workers towards their African American counterparts which they refer to as “colored boys”. In Chapter 4, we see Bob being refused help at work by the white workers.

As the war continued, in 1943, a quota was imposed allowing the number of African American males serving in the armed forces to be no greater than their numbers in the overall population, about 10.6 percent. At first, African American males serving were limited to work in labor units, but this restriction also changed as the war progressed, as soon after they were ultimately allowed in

Ronald Takaki is a social historian and is a professor at the University of California, Berkley. He is a professor of ethic studies. In addition to being a professor, he is also a fellow of the Society of American Historians. In his book, Double Victory: A Multicultural of America in World War II, Takaki focuses on the minorities during World War II. Most histories of the Second World War, focus on the politics, battles, or generals and leaders, whereas this book is about the experience of the different minorities in America.

In April of 1861, the first month of the civil war, Alfred M. Green gave a speech to encourage his fellow African Americans to “prepare to enlist” and fight for the north. The north was fighting to preserve the Union and end slavery while the opposing side, the south, fought to defend slavery. Although they could not fight in the war, and did not want to, he felt that African Americans should “strive to be admitted to the ranks.” In his speech, Green uses many different methods to persuade them to join the Union forces.

The Navajo Native Americans played a large role in World War II. First off, they used their language to communicate coded messages. The text says,¨Navajo Code Talkers, warriors who used their native language as their primary weapon during World War II (WWII).¨ This means, The Navajo language was primarily used to tell the Allies what Japan had planned. Also, Twenty-nine Navajos created a code from their language. The selection reads,¨The first 29 Navajos to be recruited for the group, dubbed the "Original 29.

While there were exceptions of individuals fighting for more than equality by law for African Americans, such as John D. Baldwin who argued “a question concerning human rights” (Frederickson 379), there were racist ideals held that transcended political parties and regional affiliations alike. Radical democrats sought the most resistance with political leaders such as Representative James Brooks who preached in opposition to integration by claiming “the negro is not the equal of the white man, much less his master” (Frederickson 379). Arguments of black inferiority became based upon the false ethnology presented by Josiah Nott that physically and mentally ranked the black race below other races. Even radical republicans became contradictory in their views claiming African Americans were different due to their inability to conquer and dominate like white people had; insinuating that white domination could not be challenged. Although there was a period following the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 and 1868 in which former slaves were granted citizenship, their involvement in politics became rendered by the lack of education previously provided to slaves and inability of “withstanding the economic, political, and paramilitary opposition of the white majority” (Frederickson 382).