The Castillo de San Marcos was built from 1672 – 1687. It was designed by Ignascio Daza and it was “patterned after the latest fortifications in Europe, with thicker walls and other devices to protect against a relatively new military weapon-the cannon. The walls are coquina, or shell-limestone, which absorbs cannon balls rather than shattering like other stone.” (Framing America) The walls stand high at 25 feet and the base of the walls are 12 feet thick, but narrow towards the top to 7 feet thick. Daza used coquina because this was the only substance that was found on Florida’s sandy beaches. Daza did not realize that this material would actually protect the fort and people during battle. During battle the cannon balls would strike the walls and either, bounce off the walls or be absorbed by the walls, only making the walls stronger.
The Castillo de San Marcos was the first permanent European settlement to be built in the United States. “A spectacular example of Spanish colonial architecture, the
Castillo is the largest fort ever constructed by Spain in North America.” (Explore) Daza used the bastion system, which eliminated blind spots and allowed for gunfire
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It is built with a flat roof as many of Spain’s early architecture, which was not much different from the Pueblo Indians. “The primary building material used by the Pueblo Indians, was adobe, a mixture of clay, sand, and water, which dried into a solid and extremely effective insulating material.” (Lecture) The Pueblo Indians used adobe blocks to build their structures; whereas, Daza used coquina. However, the style of the architecture is very similar. “The Pueblo and the Spanish cultures shared and adapted construction techniques and design.” (New Mexico Art Museum) Below is an image of a building in Taos Pueblo and Castillo de San Marcos. You can see similarities of this structure and the Castillo de San
Instead of waiting for Porter and his war ships, Butler carried out an ill-fated attempt to destroy part of the fort’s sea-facing wall. This first engagement proved ineffective and likely gave the confederate forces hours to prepare for the next attack. Joined later by the rest of the fleet the attack began but resulted in little damage to the forts defenses. This is most likely attributed to the design of the fort mounds. Made primarily from earth and sand the mounds were very effective at absorbing the impacts from the union shelling.
The 1818 attack on Pensacola was the last military action in the First Seminole War. The U.S. had received information that the Spanish were supplying weapons, ammunition, and supplies in their fight with the United States. General Jackson and his men set off to Pensacola and upon arrival found the Spanish Troops had taken shelter in the newly built Fort Barrancas. After both sides exchanged artillery fire’ for a few days, the fort was rendered inhabitable from artillery shells which hit a magazine causing the wooden structures to burn. Three times Jackson demanded the surrender of the fort, and three times Masot refused it.
After building Fort Charlotte and Spanish Fort, Galvex returned on his journey to the City of Pensacola by ship taking the bay route now known as Pensacola Bay. The battle began by Galvez opening a battery on a hill just enough in range to Fort George and fired. As did the British retaliated. On May 8th 1781, a Spanish shell struck the powder magazine in the Queen’s redoubt causing to kill more than 100 British
Fort Barrancas located in Pensacola, Florida, was the headquarters, so to speak, of the Spanish regime and where Governor Manrique resided. As the seize proceeded, Governor Manrique and his troops, which along with the Spanish, consisted of the British and Indians, prepared for battle. Although, many nations had resided and flown their flag at Fort Barrancas, it was the Spanish that had not only built it, but had maneuvered the cannon utilized in the Battle of Pensacola. However, to avoid the fire from these cannons, General Jackson led his men to the east, through beachside, but were still met with artillery resistance once inside.
In US History, many have realized that the architectural styles of important buildings can easily describe the priorities, beliefs, and behavior over the course of time frame. That we are presently concentrating on the type of attitudes as well as priorities that the English occupants brought once they arrived in America. When the English colonists first arrived in America, they had a variety of attitudes and priorities, which could be seen in their own architectural design. The English settlers that settled in England region were mostly Puritans who arrived in America this is because they have objected things with English way of life.
The sun rises in the east and light shines over America and it's vast nine regions that include the Navajos in the southwest, the Comanches in the great plains and the Cherokees in the southeast. The first tribe I will be talking about is the Navajo tribe. The Navajos are a native American tribe located in the Southwest region. They are one of the tribes that mastered the skill and art of farming.
The Spanish American war was a product of Frederick Jackson Turner’s frontier thesis and the urbanization of America. In 1895, a rebellion broke out in Cuba, as Cuban patriots wanted independences from Spain. Through the yellow journalism, reports of Spain’s cruel military tactics lead to a public uproar in the U.S. However, most of these stories were exaggerated as a form to promote war. After an American battleship, the USS Maine, was destroyed, America was “forced” to start war and stop Spanish occupation.
Prior to the colonization of the Americas, there were many different indigenous tribes and civilizations. Two of these were the Incas and the Aztecs. Although the two groups never came in contact, they share some striking similarities. These similarities can be found in their religion, their architecture and their economies. Many differences can also be found in each of these topics.
Remembering the Alamo through Master and Counter Narratives Introduction Throughout my education, I have learned about many historical events, heroes, and social issues within history. As I got older, I started to realize that many of my textbooks seemed to repeat the same stories. I decided to visit the Alamo museum in San Antonio, Texas, and take note of the master narratives and the counter narratives being represented in the museum about this significant event. Master Narrative
Introduction San Diego de Alcala was the first mission in Alta California that Father Serra and Captain Gaspar de Portola established on July 16, 1769. They built it in San Diego Bay, where the tribe named “Kumeyaay” was settling. The Native Americans became mad after the Spanish missionaries treated the native people badly, so they decided to attack the mission. After the disaster, Father Serra came back from Mission San Carlos to San Diego to see people rebuilding Mission San Diego. Kumeyaay Before the Spanish started settling, a tribe named “Kumeyaay” was living.
Architecture has the ability to remark and reflect any region, give a feeling and a sense of a place, and present thoughts and creativity. Across the world, especially in the United States, there are many cities that are distinguished by its architecture and unique styles: The skyline of New York City is defined by it’s skyscrapers; San Francisco’s mixture of Victorian and modern colored houses; New Orleans’ iconic Creole townhouses; and Miami’s modernist architecture. Los Angeles, San Diego and some of the cities in the same region are no different from the previous appreciable cities all around America. These cities are located in the state of California which is on the West Coast. They share some significant architectural characteristics
While art varies in many ways, one can also easily identify many similarities between cultures. These similarities and differences have been seen and identified throughout history as art has continued to evolve. Architecture is no different, meaning although two grand structures were built on different sides of the world, similarities can be drawn between them. These similarities are consist of symbolism, architecture, and materials used in the structures. For example, the Hagia Sophia and Charlemagne’s Chapel both share similarities and differences through their histories and the architecture and decorations that make these structures so grand.
The Battle of the Alamo is considered to be a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution. Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna led an invasion in an effort to regain control over the area after insurgent army of Texan settlers and adventurers from the United States expelled all Mexican troops out of Mexican Texas. The battle of the Alamo has a lot of various myths and legends around it; thus, we are going to explore this historical event from various perspectives, dwelling on its most important moments. Beginning our discussion, it is necessary to mention that the battle of the Alamo has a great strategic context in the Texas Revolution, because it became a decisive moment for the independence of Texas. The Alamo Mission served as a good protective picket; and if Santa Anna takes it, there will be no fortified point to stop the enemy on his way toward
The ancient Mayans, who lived in parts of present-day Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, created one of the most complex and advanced civilizations in the Western Hemisphere. The Mayans accomplished many remarkable and influential achievements, most notably, in art, astronomy, and engineering. The achievements of the Mayans influenced the cultures around them and are still influential today. The Mayans created amazingly sophisticated works of art.
The Pentagon took 16 months to build, with 13,000 builders, which costed 1.1 billion dollars. The builders used 41,492 concrete pilings to make the foundation, and 435,000 cubic yards of concrete. The builders used 680,000 tons of sand and gravel for the concrete. It has a total floor area of 6.6 million square feet, one of the world’s largest office buildings.