CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Cancer or cancer chemotherapy
Cancer is abnormal growth of cell division that has potential to spread to other body cells. There are two types of cancers. One is the benign cancer don’t spread to other body cells and malignant cancer can spread to other body cells. Cancer chemotherapy is the branch of medical oncology and used for the treatment of cancer. The principle of chemotherapy is that by using of chemotherapeutic agents or drugs, cancer cells can be removed. These drugs or chemotherapeutic agents act at the cancer cells and controlled the process of cell mitosis but they can produce toxicity.1
1.2 Cell Cycle
The series of events in which one cell undergoes in process of division and accomplished in an individual called cell cycle. There are number of phases in cell division. G0 phase is non-dividing cell stage. G1 phase, cell increased in its size and process of replication occurred and preparation of copy of DNA. S phase is synthesis phase in which
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Transition metals belong to d-block elements in the periodic table (3-12) and form the coordination complexes with organic and inorganic ligands due to d-orbitals are vacant and in the process of filling. So, they help in complex formation. Coordination complexes are those in which metal is central atom and surrounded by the different anions. First time in Denmark (1870), Jorgensen prepared the coordination complexes by the reaction of ammonia, cobalt and chlorine. In 16th century, transition metal complexes were used as therapeutic agents against the cancerous cells. In 1893, Alfred Werner was awarded with noble prize due to the formation of complexes that contained the chlorine, cobalt and ammonia. In 1960, the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin was discovered and used for the treatment of solid carcinomas. Now a day, many metals like copper, rhodium, molybdenum, gold etc. are also used for the treatment of
G1 is the main development period of the cell cycle. In G1, the cell plans to experience cell division. The cell still plays out the majority of its typical capacities, however begins to get greater. The cell then starts to make a duplicate of the cell parts (organelles). It additionally starts to create RNA and orchestrate proteins to prepare to separate.
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number twenty-nine. It is also a solid at room temperature. Copper was most likely the first element ever manipulated by humans. In fact, humans discovered copper during the Paleolithic era. Copper was also very important during the copper and bronze age.
While in chapter 10, Kean discusses how elements act as they are supposed to in medicine, in chapter 11 Kean explains how elements can decide the body into performing different, unexpected functions. Through Sam Kean’s keen ability to teach chemistry through stories, I, the reader, have a sharper understanding of how elemental chemistry functions in the natural
In the late 1940s, scientific research began taking off as innovative technologies and diseases were being created and discovered. One important field of study during the time was cancer. Like many types of new research, there were a few problems getting the ball on the roll. One problem scientists faced was obtaining cancerous cells that would stay long enough to study. One scientist struggled with this until a particularly unique strand of cells came along.
In the US, cancer is the second major cause of death. Cancer is the uncontrolled division of somatic cells caused by defective cancer cells. Usually, when cells divide, they begin to form a layer. Normal cells will experience contact inhibition, where cells can cease to replicate once there is no more space for it to inhabit. However, cancer cells cannot control their division.
When I see somebody with cancer, I get really mad, I say to myself, ”Why must this disease be real. Why did God create something so horrible that it can affect anybody.” If it was I who had ten million dollars, I would donate it to St.Jude's Cancer Research Facilities because it is a deadly disease, it is a real-nonprofit research organization, and it covers all expenses for families. Cancer is among the top ten leading causes of death in the world. This disease takes nearly eight million lives every year.
The cells that came from Henrietta Lack’s tumor were extremely strange, normal cells go through something called apoptosis, programed cell death, the cells from Lack’s tumor did not go through this process and continued to divided continually. Doctors and lab pathologists
Singer Delta Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin 's lymphoma at the age of 18 and now regularly visits cancer patients in hospital and raises money for cancer research. This image captures the community spirit which the cancer council represents themselves through, using a well-known figure like Delta Goodrem humanises the subject and makes it a much more thoughtful gesture and appeals to what the cancer council’s main values and goals are. The image is of an un-named cancer patient (left) and famous Australian singer Delta Goodrem. They are both centred in the image where Delta and the patient are looking away from the camera which the picture is taken by, they are both looking at the same focus point which is off to the right of the photo
Hospice care is a subject that should be talked about more. Some people could be on hospice for a day, week, month or year(s). Death is very scary to think about. People who are healthy do not think of death or the dying process. When someone is dying they must be in the worst pin they have ever felt.
The purpose of experiencing a hospice clinical was to give me the opportunity to observe and participate in the care of my patients who are receiving hospice care in their home. My first encounter occurred in Jenks, Oklahoma at the patient’s personal home. Upon entering the house, we were greeted by his wife and one of their sons. Before we spoke with the patient we had a pre-conference in the patient’s living room with his wife. My nurse asked how the patient’s wife was doing and the wife stated that she needs more help with his care.
Cancer is affecting children across the globe many wanting to do more with their lives and believe that they. Poor children stuck in bed all day stuck doing treatments and only can either play the few games provided to them or watch tv. Childhood cancer has been helped by st.jude across America by chemo treatment and better treatments being found. Childhood cancer is something that a young mind can’t cope with. Cancer is diagnosed each year in about 175,000 children ages 14 and under worldwide.
Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. The drugs are most often given through a vein, after that the chemotherapy chemicals travel throughout your body. It can also help people with bone cancer that has spread beyond the bone to other areas in the body. Radiation therapy is also an option. Radiation therapy uses high-powered beams of energy to kill cancer cells.
Cancer Paper: Pancreatic Cancer Presently, the world has seen a dramatic rise in chronic illnesses. Chronic illnesses are diseases that have slow-approaching symptoms, last for a long time, and are generally very life-threatening. Amongst the most notorious and virulent, is a disease known as cancer.
Cancer is an abnormal production of cells that divide uncontrollably within the body (Black & Hogan 2006). What is more vaguely understood are the mechanisms the underlie this, the different effects on each patient, and how to stop it. Some common types of cancer are breast cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, leukemia, and brain cancer. Each of these various diagnoses cause different biological and psychological stresses on the patient. Because old cells do not die and instead grow out of control, often, a mass will form, otherwise known as a tumor.
Cancer is a term reserved for malignant tumors. Malignant tumors are composed of the growing, abnormal