CPI Literature Review

This highlights the variability of natural radiation levels across different regions and the importance of considering this factor in establishing safe dose limits. Despite these elevated levels, nature continues to operate as usual. This consistent pattern

Later on, businesses were made aware that the element emitted lethal radiation, yet failed to take precautions, putting many at risk, causing painful cancer deaths for thousands leading to a thorough investigation which led to the establishment of government agencies like OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health

In my opinion, yes there is such a thing as "painless cost control. " Healthcare professionals, insurance companies, and hospital administrators have contributed in making healthcare cost very high. That needs to be controlled because when some insurance companies pay for the fee for services while others pay for capitation or payment for Diem, that creates a lot of confusion and competition in the market leading physicians into a more specialized field and Primary care providers practices certain procedures in their interests which cost more money. Due to that, practices that increase Healthcare cost without creating any benefit for the patients, as well as the insurance companies and the population can be reduced as painless cost control by setting up a universal payment system to pay physicians, specialist, and hospitals.

Public Health Problem Radiation is described as energy that is commonly found in x-rays, nuclear power plants, radioactive materials, sunlight, and in many more sources according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 2015). It can be used as a tool to diagnose and treat diseases. Although there are benefits of radiation, great exposure to radiation is a concern that may be linked to mutations, health problems, and even cancer. This is a problem in today’s society due to the social norms that influence the youth on beauty standards, which can lead to different forms of health issues.

Two hundred monitor units (MU) administered during each trial on a clinically calibrated linear accelerator. Ionization Dmax made with each material using an Exradin A12 Farmer chamber and read by a Keithley 35614 digital dosimeter with no temperature or pressure corrections made. The current in the dosimeter set to +300. The dose on the electrometer measure the output of each trial in Coulombs x

Radiomics lies at the juncture of what I believe to be extremely exciting science in the coming future of personalized medicine. This is what prompted me to approach Dr. Rivka Colen (desired mentor), of the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, to conduct research in her lab. An interplay between research and clinical treatment such as the way Dr. Colen implements will be one of the grounds that I intend to structure my own practice around. The MD Anderson 1st Year Medical Student Program would help me achieve the first steps towards conducting research in my career as a physician-scientist.

Too much exposure to ionizing radiation can damage the tissues. Children, young women and fetus are more sensitive to this type of radiation than others (Fahey, 2012). • Maintaining the Highest Level of Safety with NM Workers in nuclear medicine should follow safety rules. While working with radioactive materials, personal protective equipment like gloves, protective eye wear and cloths and in some cases fume hoods must be used. NM procedures must be practiced in special closed places.

Non-ionising is found at the end of a long wavelength where as ionising radiation is found at shorter wavelength. Regions of the spectrum: • Gamma radiation- ionizing • X-ray radiation- ionizing • Ultraviolet radiation- non-ionizing • Infrared radiation- non-ionizing • Microwave radiation- non-ionizing • Radio waves- non-ionizing 3- A) Lethal Dose Effects 5-20 Possible late effects; possible chromosomal damage 20-100 Temporary reduction in white blood cells 100-200 Mild radiation sickness within a few hours:

Throughout this chapter, people are using Radium, a radioactive element, as though it is beneficial to their health. People begin to get sick and die due to ingesting the dangerous substance that erodes bones and tissue. Near the end of the chapter people begin to realize that Radium is actually very dangerous, and it should definitely never be consumed. The woman who discovered Radium, Marie Curie, began touring to spread awareness about Radium and its health risks. The chapter nears its end when “ [Marie] died in 1934 of aplastic anemia”

Career Field Report Like many college degrees becoming a radiologist is no easy accomplishment. It requires a lot of hard work and diligently studying the required materials to become a radiologist. Throughout the years as technology continues to grow, it has allowed radiologists to read examinations quicker. Even though a radiologist sit in a room and reads exams, it doesn’t mean they do not communicate within the hospital. Using technology helps the radiologist communicate with everyone in the hospital regarding any incoming or outgoing task.

Henrietta’s tumor was treated with radium, which was a white radioactive metal that glows blue. It destroys any cells that it comes into contact with and can burn the skin off a person’s body at high doses. Dr. Lawrence Wharton Jr. dilated Henrietta’s cervix and prepared to treat her tumor, but first shaved off a piece of tissue from her tumor and a piece from her healthy cervical tissue. After the procedure was finished, a resident took the samples to Gey’s

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 History background and action level Radon is a gaseous highly radioactive element discovered by English physicist Ernest Rutherford in 1899. The discovery is also credited to German physicist Friedrich Ernst Dorn in 1900. More specifically, Rutherford discovered radon's alpha radiation and Dorn discovered that radium was releasing a gas. Radon (chemical symbol Rn) is a naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rock, and water throughout the U.S. It has numerous different isotopes, but radon-220, and radon-222 are the most common (EPA, 2009).

As it has already been discussed in this paper, physicians are responsible for any clinical negligence that may cause harm or injury to the patient. In many journal studies researching radiology, various field cases have been identified and studied. They have shown that radiologists who have not been very often accused of clinical negligence have become in trouble. The errors committed while conducting their radiological work are sometimes caused by their lack of experience or out of their care. But in both cases, they are held to be liable and patients may file lawsuits against

There are many different types of radiation in space: solar flare particles, particles trapped in Earth’s magnetic field and cosmic rays that are heavy ions with high energy. These particles can be absorbed by astronauts and can damage DNA. Earth’s atmosphere has the amazing capability to absorb some of this harmful radiation in our atmosphere’s clouds and dust. The amount of radiation astronauts receive depends on their orbital inclination, attitude about earth, solar cycle and the astronauts susceptibility. Highly charged and high energy particles are rayed upon astronauts causing some known and unknown effects.

The Chernobyl disaster happened in 1986 had documented many radiation-related fatalities leaving obvious nightmares in history. Due to the negative impacts of radiation, about 550 million people were facing with the major threat of thyroid cancer. Following this scary Chernobyl disaster, we witnessed four nuclear reactors exploded in Japan after the attack of Tsunami in March, 2011 causing nuclear radiation leakage which might as well cause a global concern of the radiation-related