Witchcraft (witches are beings who have been known to be healers and demons alike) is a concept which comprises of so many different phenomenon rolled into one concept that it is difficult to attempt to succinctly describe it in a few words, sentences or ideas. Across time and across cultures, what anthropologists call “magic and witchcraft” widely varies. Different ideas, different beliefs, different practices etc. which come under the heading of “magic and witchcraft” have been known to be so different form one another that it has been difficult to trace a common origin. At best, it has been posited that witchcraft has been a popular belief among societies since the data on human societies has been available. And popular beliefs, according to historians, have no sense of organization or discipline about them. These popular beliefs are found in every society and they can appear to be related to one another. Different researchers have had different explanations for the existence of these beliefs, particularly the beliefs regarding magic, religion and witchcraft.
RELIGION, MAGIC AND WITCHCRAFT
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Religion and culture are engaged in a feedback loop where it is difficult to separate one from the other. Religion is often defined as “a system of beliefs, attitudes and practices which relate to the supernatural”. In every human society, there happens to be an interaction between the natural and supernatural worlds. “Magic” is “a collection of practices designed to gain control over the supernatural”. Witchcraft comes under the heading of magic in general. But “magic” in this sense offers a wide range of practices pertaining to healing, fertility, agriculture, conflict-resolution etc i.e. coping that
In Massachusetts during 1692 a horrible expiernce had swept throughout the colonies that witches were real, and some of the key concepts that had a major impact to make people think they were real were superstation, economics, politics and there early ideal of gender shaped their era. Throughout the era of witches there had been puritans who were people who had believed in god and do that they thought to be able to see god and his angels you would have to believe in evil apparitions as well. Puritans at the time were one of the main contributing societies of witchcraft in Salem, and it was the belief that Satan was among them and roaming around freely. Next was the other type of contributing factor which was the relationships within and between
They offer an explanation when presented with the death of a young adult, or when someone who seems to be of relatively good health becomes ill (Barker 2008:129). For example, the death of a young woman named Mona was blamed on sorcery in order to provide an explanation to the villagers since there were given no medical reason (Barker 2008:125). Barker concluded that although Christianity does not believe in sorcery, and both methods of understanding have different views, they can and do coexist in harmony within the Maisin people (Barker 2008:134). Hedican’s textbook “Social Anthropology” discusses the coexistence of Christianity and traditional beliefs among the Mi’Kmaq.
Nowadays, the majority people no longer believe in witchcraft and think it’s crazy to look back at and can’t even relate to how people would believe in such, but back then it was a huge issue that led to several deaths, years lost in prison, and even tore families
Several centuries ago, many practicing Christians, and those of other religions, had a strong belief that the Devil could give certain people known as witches the power to harm others in return for their loyalty. A “witchcraft craze” rippled through
Magic was almost always related to a relationship with the Devil, which made it inherently evil. Moreover, the witches gained their power by worshipping Satan. By doing his bidding on Earth, he in turn granted them with extraordinary powers. Moreover, witchcraft does not work like anything we thought it did
Witchcraft in Mexico came from the Hispanics and pre-Hispanic cultures. They do ceremonies using all types of herbs and poisonous to eliminate evil spirits. They have also used dead animals like snakes, love charms and even holy water from the lake. In case of lack of herbs and dead animals, they have also used modern medicines as an alternate for some that is suffering from evil spirts. “The participants have their very own convention in March in Catemaco, Mexico.”
Societies each differ in the types of religious practices they have, there is a variation in how people relate with the supernatural. Many of the interactions people relate to with each other are highly ritualized. Rituals are recurring sets of behaviors that happen in the same patterns every time they take place. Almost all rituals do not have empirical connection between the means of them and the desired end; therefore, rituals are known as irrational acts. Rituals have experienced a retreat from the leading positions of anthropological thoughts.
These views, in and of themselves, speak to the level of intolerance permeating America and to the level of fear associated with witchcraft. The Religious intolerance and fear experienced in English North America was not a sole construct of Puritanism in New England. These ideas permeated Southwards throughout the length of the thirteen English colonies. Oftentimes, the fear of witchcraft led to colonial governments establishing capital laws against any person entering into communion with Satan.
Prior to the 12th century in Scotland there were two distinctive types of witches that would fulfill different tasks in their society. White witches strived to help people around them. These witches believed that for every positive action that is completed, it shall be returned triple from what they have given. However, unlike the white witches, black witches would perform malicious acts that would cause danger to those around them. Black witches accomplish negative acts in order to abuse enemies that have that have more to contribute towards society.
On the other hand, when someone does something punishable, it is not taken lightly. In fact, that person suffers severe consequences because he or she is believed to be overtaken by evil spirits. To fully understand witchcraft amongst the Cherokee, one has to realize that using medicine, conjuring, and witchcraft have remained an integral part of Cherokee culture even up to the present day (Cherokee Indian Religion). They have used medication as a whole to help with healing people within their
Viewed by the law, all evidence of witchcraft was based on religious beliefs, not physical
In 1954, a retired British government worker named Gerald Gardner claimed that he had been initiated into an ancient nature religion based on pre-Christian European paganism. The practitioners of this religion were operating under the name New Forest Coven. Gardner set about to revive and repopularize this witchcraft religion by writing and publishing a book called "Witchcraft Today," in which he reconstructed and rewrote the fragments of remaining ritual and lore from the New Forest Coven. He referred to the religion as "witchcraft," and to its adherents as "the Wica."
In England there were only about one thousand that are believed to have been executed for being witches. Witchcraft belief continued in England but in 1736 the Witchcraft Act was changed to decriminalize witchcraft and charge a person who claimed any human had magical powers. People found it unreasonable to believe in the old view of a world haunted by evil
Some just pushed it to be true to gain things for themselves. Overall, mortal emotions played into the witchcraft hysteria, people acted on their fear, jealousy and want or greed. The desire for things to go
As I said, what they possibly though were witchcraft back then could be something treatable by now. Unlike in 1690’s, they didn’t have proof to back their hypothesis that it was bewitching. But now that the reason behind the said incidents were already established and proved wrong by people who studied what might have happened back then. People might still believe witchcraft does exist in present time solely because they have no idea that it might just be an illness that they had no idea about. That the reaction of people around toward something can affect greatly on how things can be