Transmission-Plague

In the 14th century, a contagious plague called the Black Death damaged society physically and mentally. After the Genoese were defeated by the Mongol armies, they accidently took germs of the “disease” and aboard the ship to leave. As a result, more than half of the passengers were dying slowly. This sight scared away those people waiting on shore to collect the goods because they fear death. Even though captains on the ships realized the mess they got themselves into, it was too late because the disease was spreading very quickly from one port to another.

It spread rampant among the trade routes to Constaninople and Europe. It claimed the lives of close to sixty percent of the European population. The massive labor shortages are is what to be said what helped boost the emergence of the Renaissance in the 14th century. The Modern Plague also began in China in 1860 in Hong Kong. In just twenty years it had spread to port cities by rats on steamships.

The growing population allowed the infected fleas, all over the body, to jump from body to body much quicker and easily than before, increasing the spread of the plague throughout Europe. The growing population also bought on a drought in food meaning the people could not keep up nutrition to protect themselves from the fast growing plague. The increase in population for villages also meant that there was a lot less living space making the homes more cramped and closely packed allowing the plague to move more quickly throughout Europe. The trade and trade routes were a major part towards the spread of the plague but was not the only way the Black Death

The plague is most effective because in 1331, the plague broke out in three different country’s china, asia, and Europe. In the book of “Tiny Invader” it states that ,”As many as 200 million people died in the pandemic,”(P.248). The plague is caused by bacteria like viruses, bacteria is a type of germ that kills many people. If one person had the plague and you could catch it by caring for the person or touching them. Christophe

Plague infects both people and rodents. The transmission of the disease can infect the population faster via rodents. Fleas feeding on infected rodents can transmit the disease to people as well. Once infected, people can infect others by coughing, sneezing, or close talking. The origin of “The Black Death” dates to an outbreak in China during the 1330s.

The epidemic affected Europe culturally, as the citizens developed an excessive reliance on religion as an answer for their tragedy. Additionally, the Black Death shifted the people’s social perspectives; they lost compassion for the sick and indulged in selfish desires. Finally, the pestilence altered the Europeans’ mental state, as their appreciation of life itself diminished, since the rapid spread of the plague caused torrential death rates across Europe. In response to the Black Death, the people of Europe became passionately pious, for they viewed their misfortune as a punishment from God and, thus, believed the only way to bring about continental happiness was through religion.

The Mongols can be accredited to spreading it to Europe as a result of their actions at Caffa. The Mongol Army transmitted the disease to wherever they went. At Caffa, the Mongols catapulted their infected bodies into the city. As a result, it can be concluded that the Mongols were “responsible for infecting the inhabitants of Caffa”.(Wheelis) From there, the plague easily spread to Italy and then the rest of Europe.

The Black Death or Bubonic Plague was a plague that originated in Asia and spread to Europe first to Sicily in 1347, and then across all of Europe where it raged until around 1352, however, it never completely went away. Wherever it went as its name implies, the Black Plague reaped men like wheat, with an estimated thirty-three percent of the population dying. The states of Northern Italy were hit especially hard by the Bubonic Plague since it had a much higher urban population, which unfortunately led to a higher proportion of the population dying. Contemporary writers such as the prominent Florentine Boccaccio wrote that the plague killed an infinite number of people. This massive loss of life severely negatively affected the economy of all of Europe and resulted in a massive economic downturn that Europe would not recover for decades following.

A perfect summary of how the Black Death spread is demonstrated in the quote “The plague was an epidemic of commerce.” The origins of the outbreak can be traced back to Mongol soldiers that brought the disease north from south China, which quickly spread across trading outposts via fleas; these fleas would then be transported by living in sacks of grain, human clothing, and on rats. Because the epicenter of the spread was located in China, the manufacturing center of the Mongol World System, the disease seemingly spread out in all directions at once. Now not only did silk and spices travel the Mongolian roads with merchants, but contagious disease did as well. From the trade routes and outposts, the bubonic plague spread expeditiously, infecting small camps to large regions within the Mongol empire and causing an alarming population drop by 1351, reaching death counts between two-thirds or one-half of the Chinese populace (p. 242-243).

It even ended trade between some countries, led to the suspension of wars, and many laborers were annihilated by the plague which cause the ruin of many landowners ("Black Death."). The plague came in waves, and revisited Europe multiple times during the Middle Ages ("Black Death."). Since medical sciences were advanced enough to defend against the plague, there was no way to save anyone that contracted the plague which helped advance the rising of fatalities of Europe’s population. Due to the constant restoration of the plague, it prompted researchers to try and help find out how to stop the plague and its deadly symptoms ("Bubonic plague. " World of Biology).

POLITICAL • Tawantinsuyu: Inca government, monarchy, ruled by the Sapa Inca • Sapa Inca: emperor and king of the Inca Empire, means “sole ruler”, most powerful person in the empire • Coya: wife and queen of Sapa Inca • Government Organization: - Viceroy: most trusted and closest advisor to the Sapa Inca, usually a close relative - High Priest: thought to be second in power due to the heavily regarded importance on religion - Governors of a Quarter: Inca Empire divided into four quarters, each ruled by a governor called an Apu - Council of the Realm: council made up of powerful, noble men who advised the Sapa Inca on important matters and assisted in major problems - Inspectors: people who were in charge to watch over the townspeople to make sure they paid their taxes -

The Black Death was a disease that had a catastrophic impact on Europe. Reaching Europe in 1347, the plague killed an estimation of one-third of the population in the first wave. Each document varies with its reasons for the cause of the plague and how to deal with it. The first document Ordinances against the Spread of Plague seemed to blame Pisa and Lucca for the plague and thus, began to forbid contact with those places. It was forbidden for citizens of Pistoia to go to, or have contact with anyone or anything from Pisa or Lucca.

During the mid-fourteenth century, a plague hit Europe. Initially spreading through rats and subsequently fleas, it killed at least one-third of the population of Europe and continued intermittently until the 18th century. There was no known cure at the time, and the bacteria spread very quickly and would kill an infected person within two days, which led to structural public policies, religious, and medical changes in Europe. The plague had an enormous social effect, killing much of the population and encouraging new health reforms, it also had religious effects by attracting the attention of the Catholic Church, and lastly, it affected the trade around Europe, limiting the transportation of goods. As a response to the plague that took place

Geography and domestic animal play a major role to the development of any plague. In places where there are a lot of cities plagues spread quickly since population increase as babies are born causing a cycle that makes plagues almost impossible to extinguish. Cities tend to growth domestics animals which is the reason why plagues emerge in the first place. In colonial cities people used to growth and frequently being in contact with cows, pigs, birds, etc. The contact with these animals and the lack of sanitation caused that humans contracted these deathly virus from them.

During the Middle Ages, the prevailing system of government was feudalism. Under feudalism, there was the use of a definite social structure. People were born into a social class and usually stayed in that class for the rest of their life. The three social classes were the nobility, clergy, and peasantry and each of these classes had different roles to perform in the society.