Political scientists and historians have always been on the opposite sides on the subject of how a decision is made. Political Scientists claim that by knowing a few details into the major players prior preferences that all future actions can be predicted by using that Rational Actors Model. However, historians refute this theory arguing that without knowing the context or the environment of the player, one can never truly understand the decision making process. By using the events which led to the internment of Japanese Americans I hope to show that any event can fit the model in hindsight but at the time of the actual decision there could have been many options for Japanese Americans short of internment. On December 7-12, 1941 President …show more content…
According to Allison and Zelikow admit the deviancy saying “characterization of the rational actor’s choice in a world of uncertainty about estimated consequences of options requires further information or assumptions about the actors’ attitude toward risk.” Allison justifies the model saying people must use the Rational Actor Paradigm. It uses a “systematic statement of the basic assumptions, concepts, and propositions employed in the basic school of analysis”. In our example, the only known objective was to agree upon that a decision of some kind had to be made. The options on the table were increase law enforcement, create exclusion zones, mass deportation, internment, extermination, propaganda, encourage loyalty, full scale evacuation or simply do nothing. According to Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis the “modern design theory, the rational design problem is reduced to selecting among a set of given alternatives, each of which has a given set of consequences.” Taken with the game theory urged by Allison and Zelikow it should result in “optimal choices in narrowly constrained, neatly defined situations. In these situations, rationality refers to an essentially Hobbesian notion of consistent, value-maximizing reckoning or adaption within specified …show more content…
Looking at the “alternatives” we see a variety of more simplified options. Looking at the options it seems strange that the choice of internment was made. The Law enforcement option was the Isai (Japanese immigrants to the United states) and Nisei (Japanese Americans born in the United States), secondly limit travel visas into or out of the United States, limit the geography the Isai and Nisei could go, and take away work from those who were acting questionably. Domestic exclusion zones were also put up for debate which would exclude Isai or Nisei from working on or near military bases, war manufacturing companies, and away from coast lines or boarders. Mass deportation was an option for non-citizens but due to the high expense it was not an economically feasible option at the time. Extermination was also not an option at that large a scale for cost reasons. There was also an offer of giving all the power of controlling the Isai by giving power to the Nisei. The War Department was adamant to have martial law control the Japanese Americans. The government could have also encouraged the Japanese Americans to prove their loyalty and earn back respect in the majority of American communities advocated by John Franklin Carter. Carter and Curtis Munson advocated Pro Japanese American propaganda to
When President Roosevelt justified in ordering Executive Order 9066, the following; which allowed the military commanders to create "military areas" that meant "any or all persons may be excluded". This resulted in the internment of Japanese American citizens Another reason this resulted in the internment of Japanese American citizens was because this power was used to announce that all people of Japanese ancestry were not apart of the entire West Coast. Another reason why President Roosevelt in ordering the Executive Order 9066 resulted in the internment of Japanese American citizens would be the evacuation orders that happened Japanese-American communities giving info and directions on how to obey with the new executive order.
According to the Brief submitted by Wayne M. Collins, there were people that expressed their proposition as to why they disagreed with internment. It states, “If General DeWitt really believed these people to be spies…why did he delay from December 7th, 1041 to March 30th, 1942.” (207) As a reader, you understand this perspective clearly because why delay the evacuation of people you supposedly view as a “threat”.
The United States thought that the Japanese was dangerous and were afraid they would attack again. It stunned everyone and the government thought the best solution was to relocate all of the Japanese immigrants. According to Document 4 the author states,
Remember to have an intro, a conclusion and body paragraphS Topic: Propaganda around Japanese internment camps Although the Japanese internment camps were labeled as a way to “protect Japanese-American citizens”, it was the worst decision possible, and ruins the United State’s reputation when people learn about it. Approximately 120,000 Japanese-American citizens were locked away in areas which can be described as Unhygienic, and prison-like. The Japanese internment camps resembled a prison in many ways, for instance, the citizens who lived here had a single room with no privacy whatsoever. Barbed wire and watchtowers were also surrounding the camps, with a guard at each tower for “protection”.
This brings up another issue, and put this group of people in such a hard situation. The first question they were asked was, “Are you willing to serve in the United States Armed Forces?”, and the second question read, “If you swear allegiance to the United States and forswear allegiance to Japan and its empire?”. Answering “no” to one or both of those questions would get one sent to an internment camp, and the nickname a “No-No Boy”, referring to your answers on the questionnaire. That is what gave the
This decision eventually led to the internment of Japanese citizens against their will. Fear, Panic and bad Counsel Led President franklin D.
Due to the increasing fear of a Japanese attack on the West Coast, Lt. General John L. Dewitt recommended that all people of Japanese descent living in America be removed to the interior of the country. In the article “An American Tragedy: The Internment of Japanese-Americans During World War II” by Norman Y. Mineta, former US Secretary of Transportation, Dewitt backed up his suggestion with rumors that “ethnic Japanese on the West Coast were signaling Japanese ships out in the Pacific ocean” and they “had stockpiled numerous rounds of ammunition and weapons” (Mineta 161). In order to combat this threat in case of enemy invasion, the camps would detain the Japanese Americans so they cannot aid the enemy. The warped logic used to imprison 110,000 people purely based on ethnic background was convincing enough to the American people that they didn’t even question
There was no clear plan as it was inconsiderate and irresponsible. This reflects on how unnecessary, and how blinded everyone was by the
The internment of Japanese Americans during WWII was not justified. After Pearl Harbor, many Americans were scared of the Japanese Americans because they could sabotage the U.S. military. To try and solve the fear President Franklin D Roosevelt told the army in Executive order 9066 to relocate all Japanese Americans living on the West Coast. They were relocated to detention centers in the desert. Many of them were in the detention centers for three years.
How would you feel if one day you were told to leave your whole life behind to live in captivity just because people halfway across the world did something wrong? This horror story was all too true for the thousands of Japanese Americans alive during World War II. Almost overnight, thousands of proud Japanese Americans living on the west coast were forced to leave their homes and give up the life they knew. The United States government was not justified in the creation of Japanese internment camps because it stripped law-abiding American citizens of their rights out of unjustified fear.
December 7th of 1941 America would face a horrific scene in their own homeland, the Japanese would attack Pearl Harbor with their Air Force not once but twice. That same day President John F. Kennedy would decide to place the Japanese Americans, living in the country at the time, in internment camps. The civilians would not have a clue what they would be put up against, now they would have to encounter various obstacles to make sure they would be able to survive. “The camps were prisons, with armed soldiers around the perimeters, barbed wire. and controls over every aspect of life”(Chang).
Japanese internment camps made us question who was really an American and it relates to today’s issues. Internment camps were similar to concentration camps or prison and Japanese-Americans were put into them. Even though they were considered Americans, they were still treated unfairly by other Americans. So who is American?
Thesis statement: Though many speculate that the act of dropping the atomic bomb on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) while not doing so on Europe (Germany and Italy) was racially motivated, racism played little to no role in these bombings. The United States of America and her allies were willing to end World War II at any cost, had the atomic bombs been available they would have been deployed in Europe. In the 1940’s there is no doubt that the United States of America was engulfed by mass anti-Japanese hysteria which inevitably bled over into America’s foreign policy. During this period Japanese people living in both Japan and the United States of America were seen as less that human.
Describe/define the Rational Choice Theory and how it relates to Gary Ridgeway. The Rational Choice Theory is a view that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act. (Criminology the Core pgs 92-116 ) Gary made several decisions while he was committing murders that showed that he weighed the potential costs and benefits of killing. Gary showed he did not want to get caught by carefully deciding who his victims were going to be.
There are four major decision-making models- rational, bounded rationality, incremental and garbage can models. In the following, pros and cons of each model will be discussed and explain why Incremental and Garbage Can Models can best describe the decision made during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Rational model is a cognitive process, which the decision-makers run through rational steps. The steps refer to definition of problems, identification and evaluation of alternative policies, implementation of the best policies among all and finally monitoring of effects, ran through a unitary decision-maker (Taylor, 1998). Theoretically, the model can search for the best solution to the problem based on the comprehensive consideration.