The tale regarding the afterlife and the transmigration of souls which concludes Plato’s Republic, written in approximately 380 BCE, has since altered the way in which people view the meaning of life. His legend entitled The Myth of Er depicts a man’s exploration of the afterlife and ultimately serves as motivation for people to better themselves so that they may have a more pleasant future after death. Plato’s iconic story forever impacted religious and philosophical thought. For instance, it greatly inspired Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BCE-23 BCE), a Roman lawyer, politician, and philosopher, as seen through his rendition of The Myth of Er which is called The Dream of Scipio (Ferguson, 2018). Additionally, parallels between Plato’s myth and …show more content…
Today, reincarnation and the everlasting presence of one’s soul is an esoteric belief present in modern Kabbalah (Judaic mysticism). Similar to that present in both Plato’s story and Cicero’s legend, the explanation stems from the desire to answer life’s biggest questions such as “What is the meaning of life?” and“Why do innocent children die young?”. All three agree that in order to benefit from the life you have been given, one must in turn better the world they live in and indulge themselves in studies beyond those which are bound to the earth. Both Jewish mysticism and Plato claim that those souls who die young do as punishment for poor behavior in a past life and an inability to change for the better (Dobuv, 2009). The Kabbalistic term for transmigration of souls (in Latin “animas”) is in Hebrew “gilgul” meaning wheel or cycle. Kabbalists, who were clearly influenced by the great philosophers of the ancient world, believe that souls travel beyond the binding of earth, and that each of us possess an ancient soul that was present in many lifetimes prior to this one, as did Plato. Followers of this branch of Judaism share the idea that every practicer of this doctrine has a soul called “Nefesh Elokit” which is described as something that “exists both before its descent into the body and after the ascent from the body” (Dobuv, 2009). Additionally, they believe that every soul is taken on a heavenly tour, similar to Er’s, in which it is shown both the Garden of Eden and Hell (“Gehinom”). After death, Kabbalist souls are judged like Greek ones and temporarily sent to either a place of fire or a peaceful location before becoming reincarnated. Additionally, their theory ties religious acts and “Mitzvahs” to a happier time post one’s passing. While it is very much modified, these beliefs have striking
Plato claims that the soul is immortal because of his argument of Opposites, to which I agree. Socrates says, “For all things that come to be… [come] from their opposites if they have such...” and “…those that have an opposite must…come to be from their opposite and from nowhere else.” (70e) Socrates argues the opposites of Bigness and Smallness. For something to be considered big, it must have first been smaller, and for something to be considered small, it must have come from being big.
I imagine we get reincarnated whether we do wrong or rights. Even though I fancy in a God, I somewhat follow Buddha’s teachings in which they believe in finding enlightenment. This can also help serve with the moral I follow. With the teaching of Buddha, They are trying to reach enlightenment by doing the rights more than the wrongs. It sorta helps each other.
What he thought was once a peaceful community where they learned about the Kabbalah and spent time with his family was now home to destruction, dust, and pure memories. This memoir has many important themes and
This continuing cycle is called samsara, and the only escape from it is when a person reaches Moksha. Moksha is the Hindu resting place for the soul, or when a person is supposed to be united with Brahman, the Hindu God. Document 2 states, “To do that, individuals must free themselves from selfish desires that separates them from Brahman.” What life a person receives when they reincarnate is determined by a person’s karma, the consequences of one’s decisions in a future life. The kind of life people live is determined by caste, as since Hindus believe karma affects your future social status, a person is born into a caste, which is a variation of a social scale or a person’s position in society.
In Odyssey, the chthonic god, Hades, is introduced and the underworld is described as a very gloomy and dark place. All death souls are to go to the underworld. Only the cruel sinners, like ___, are the ones who get punished eternally. The second ancient Greek book that deals with afterlife is Plato’s Republic. In the last section of his book, Plato brings up the myth of Er.
They developed religious practices focusing on strict self-control that enable both psychological and mystical insights as well as loss of self, with the goal of mystical union with
In comprehending why Esotericism should be studied as part of Religious Studies, it is essential to explore the concept of Transmutation, which is prominently seen to emphasise individual experience in attaining self- empowerment through achieving inner-knowledge. This also coherently links to the Esoteric concept of Gnosticism, with a focus on tradition/transmission paralleling the master/teacher relationship commonly seen within religious practice. This opinion is supported to through the growth of New Age Activities in Western society, for example meditation, in which the concept of Philosophia Perrenis is commonly seen to be explored. Similarly, another parallel between religion and esotericism is the combined beliefs of the Esoteric and the religious thinker, supported through the example of Jung, with his concept of the Self “principium individuationis,” (1944)) coherently connecting individual religious experience with elements of
Introduction Daoism and Buddhism are two different religions that guide people how to live a good life. They also teach the important values of life to people. They have similar beliefs as both of them believe in the life after death and cycle of life never end. However, Daoism and Buddhism have different views and beliefs about the life after death. In Buddhism, it aims to obtain the enlightenment and releases from the cycle of rebirth and death.
In the Republic, Plato gives an argument saying the soul is immortal. In this paper I will present his argument and show that his argument is invalid. I will show why the conclusion is not true and restate the argument to make it valid to help with Socrates’ claim. Plato’s argument on why the soul is immortal: 1. Something can only be destroyed by the thing that is bad for it.
Plato’s Allegory of the cave represents life/death/rebirth. Life/death/rebirth is a popular archetype that most authors use in fictional books. Plato’s Allegory of the cave begins with people that are locked in chains inside of a cave. The people inside the cave see shadows on the wall of animals and creatures that they think represents their life. This cave is an illusion of life that the people are experiencing.
“…if I disobeyed the oracle because I was afraid of death: then I should be fancying that I was wise when I was not wise. For this fear of death is indeed the pretence of wisdom, and not real wisdom, being the appearance of the unknown: since no one knows whether death, which they in their fear apprehend to be the greatest evil, may not be the greatest good” (Apology, 29a-29b). This potent statement not only highlights Socrates’ wisdom, it effectively makes use of his belief that he is wise because he knows nothing. By saying that he knows nothing of the afterlife, it gives him the reason to illustrate to his audience that he cannot fear what he does not know.
However, the number three cannot ever be even for it holds a natural form of oddity that cannot be changed, the same is found with immortality. A soul cannot admit to death, which is the opposite of its essence immortality just as the number three cannot admit to being even. Leading to Plato’s conclusion of how a soul then must have to retreat, connecting back to Socrates believing death is best characterized by the soul separating from
In Plato’s dialogue Phaedo, he explains the soul and comes to the conclusion that the soul is immortal. Through describing the last hours of Socrates life before his execution, he lays out three arguments in support of the idea that while the body may cease to exist the soul cannot perish. In this paper, I will explicate Socrates three arguments for the immortality of the soul and their objections. Then I will argue on the presupposition of the Law of Conservation of Mass, that the universe, entailing the soul, must be cyclical. The Law of Conservation of Mass
There has been a recent shift in the desire to understand what happens after death, and the increase in occurrence of near-death experiences 's (NDE 's) have acted as miniature victories for philosophers and researchers world-wide. It is theorized that if an understanding of what occurs at
Various religions across the world employ several different concepts that non-believers often find very strange or difficult to grasp. There is however a concept that is universally understood and somewhat accepted by the vast majority of our contemporary society. This is of course the concept of an afterlife. The afterlife can be defined as a sort of state of being where the consciousness of an individual persists even after the physical death of the body. This concept plays a central role in nearly all religions that employ it and is sometimes dependent on the existence of a God.