The American Civil War (1961-1865) was a major transformable event in American history. By the end of the war, the question of slavery was resolved with the passage of the Thirteenth, the Fourteenth and the Fifteenth Amendments. Although, rights were guaranteed for African Americans after the war, the constitutional amendments were no longer practically enforced following the Reconstruction Period. Throughout this period from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century, the white political elites in the South regained their power by constructing Confederate monuments and memorials to promote a certain historical narrative. This was evident with the actions of Confederate organizations who promoted the lost cause narrative. This is defined …show more content…
In particular, this essay will explore how the conservative royalist faction in France was able to construct a basilica that symbolized their victorious space over the French Commune. After examining Harvey’s top-down approach of monument building, I will focus on the political elites in the South. One Confederate organization was responsible for the increase of Confederate memorialization and advocate for lost cause narrative after the war was the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). This was prevalent in the empirical case study that the UDC’S supported and sponsored various Confederate statues on Monument Avenue in Richmond Virginia. The Confederate statues on Monument Avenue demonstrates the white southern political elite’s power to impose their authority and white supremacy by placing Confederate monuments at a sacred space, specifically in the center of the former Confederate …show more content…
Similar to Emilie Durkheim and Maurice Halbwachs, Harvey was interested in the tensions of the French society following the humiliating defeat of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). Throughout Harvey’s research, the author was interested not only in the political ramifications, but also looking at class conflict over the Basilica. Specifically, the division between the Communards (socialist radicals) located heavily in the Paris working class and the conservative royalist faction, the Cult of the Sacred Heart. The Cult of the Sacred Heart was a sect within the Catholic church advocating for repentance to Christ and mysticism (Harvey 1979, 364). Moreover, the Cult of the Sacred Heart was closely connected to the nobility of the Ancien Regime. As a consequence, the Catholic sect acts as an opposition towards the advancement of the French Revolution and the progressive ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity (Harvey 1979, 365). Following the outcome of the Franco Prussian War, the French Second Empire collapsed, further exacerbating the already tensions between the French Communards in Paris (suburbs) and the Conservative Royalist faction located predominately in rural France (Harvey 1979, 368). Once peace negotiations were finalized with the Prussians, the city of Paris was in
The Civil War and the period of Reconstruction brought significant political, social, and economic changes to American society, and these effects continued into the 20th century. Post Civil War (After the Civil War – The period after the Civil War) - President Abraham Lincoln and Congress were determined to rebuild the nation. Lincoln wanted to restore the Union by readmitting the southern states that had seceded, as well as provide African Americans with more rights. Period of Conflict -
On June 2 1865 the United States entered into its bloodiest battle it had ever gotten into since the founding of the country. Over 600,000 people died in battle and all over the issue of slavery. When the civil war was over many thought that slavery had ended and that black people would get the freedom that had been wanting. Although the civil war had ended, white southerners kept African Americans as slaves under new laws passed called Black Codes. After the civil war, African Americans wanted more rights and more freedom.
Despite the many years after the Civil War ended in 1865, the war’s significance was still great enough to have caused such controversy with the public over its meaning. In David W. Blight’s Race and Reunion, the meaning of the war changes throughout the period of Reconstruction not due to the misconception of it solely, but due to what we wanted to interpret from the war (or rather, what we remembered from the war that eventually changed over time). Blight argues, “I am primarily concerned with the ways that contending memories clashed or intermingled in public memory, and not in developing professional historiography of the Civil War” (Blight, Prologue). With this being said, the meaning of the Civil War changed through what people felt and
The Civil War was a fundamental time in the shaping our our nation. The United States was divided, brawling over the topic of slavery. Our country was split into 2 sides: North and South. Alfred M. Green, an African American Abolitionist, delivered a speech in April 1861, shortly after the onset of the war. The Union Army had prohibited African Americans from enlisting.
Following the ending of the Civil War in 1865, America was in an era known as the Reconstruction. The Reconstruction lasted until 1877. Citizens were attempting to rebuild our nation following one of the deadliest war in American History. In this time, the Fourteenth Amendment and Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution were ratified. Although slaves were freed, African Americans still faced intense racial prejudice and discrimination.
The first African slaves arrived in the new world during the 1620’s and the institution of slavery lasted for 245 years until 1865. Slavery in North America lasted longer than the United States itself. For this reason, when Abraham Lincoln decided to emancipate slaves during the Civil War, then pass the 13th amendment he was putting an end to a social order that was the fabric of American society. The period Reconstruction after the end of the Civil War represented an upward battle for revolution, the “forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system”, due to the racism and prejudice that was entrenched in American society. However, the spread of education and tools for African Americans to fight oppression, the end
After, The Supreme Court’s confirmation on the legality of slavery in the territories convinced a lot of Southerners that the Northern was seeking the destruction of the “peculiar institution” that was sustained, which made the Southern, and Northern ties almost on its last straw. Then Lincoln’s election was the final straw, and made seven of the Southern states seceding from the United States. When the Civil War was over The Union won even though their armies weren’t as great as the South’s they managed a close victory possibly because of The Union’s sheer number of troops, but even though The Union won they lost a great leader, Abraham Lincoln who was assassinated by a Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes which turned the hearts of the people of the United States dearly, thus ending the American Civil War at a cost of 620,000 soldiers from both sides, plus a great leader Abraham
The civil war had a very profound effect on America and what it has become today. With the civil war many changes took place such as 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment. Women’s rights were put forth into motion. Along with Reconstruction laws being passes and the push back that these laws caused. During this time the south became even more divided and started to take things into account and create their own laws in regards to racism.
Waldeck-Rousseau believed that religious orders needed to be contained due to the role of the Assumptionists during the Dreyfus Affair.23 As a result, he requested that all religious orders should seek authorisation to practice. In making anti-clericalism government policy, Waldeck Rousseau unintentionally fulfilled the Radical program of separation of church and state, initiating ‘the golden age of Radicalism’.24 With the government becoming full of anti-clericals, Waldeck-Rousseau resigned in 1902 and Émile Combes took over as Prime Minister. After the separation of Church and state in 1905, the radicals were given a chance to demonstrate their capabilities outside anti-clericalism.25 However, by 1906, in Clemenceau becoming Prime Minister, he highlighted the failure of Radicalism as a ‘politically progressive force’.
The American civil war led to the reunion of the South and the North. But, its consequences led the Republicans to take the lead of reconstructing what the war had destroyed especially in the South because it contained larger numbers of newly freed slaves. Just after the civil war, America entered into what was called as the reconstruction era. Reconstruction refers to when “the federal government established the terms on which rebellious Southern states would be integrated back into the Union” (Watts 246). As a further matter, it also meant “the process of helping the 4 million freed slaves after the civil war [to] make the transition to freedom” (DeFord and Schwarz 96).
In the news today, a continual debate can be found about the significance of Confederate monuments and if they should remain or be removed. Confederate monuments that have been erected throughout the U.S. should be kept because of the preservation of America’s history. For instance, in the article, The Unbearable Lightness of Confederate-Statue Removal, the author lists how slaveholder monuments aren’t the only statues being vandalized, but the Lincoln Memorial and Mount Rushmore are other symbols of U.S. history that some believe need to “blow up” (Murdock). Every historical symbol can have both people who appreciate it and who oppose it. That doesn’t mean that we should tear down all symbols, but
Reconstruction era, which was followed by post-civil war, was meant to unite the states back together, reconstruct properties, and most importantly, abolish slavery in the South. Although the factors such as amendments legally freed former slaves, yet WRITE THESIS After the end of civil war in 1865, Reconstruction era, which was controlled by President Abraham Lincoln, appeared to quickly coalesce the Northern and Southern states. reconstruction amendments, which were approved between 1865 and 1870, played a huge role on giving legal rights to blacks and former slaves. 13th amendment constitutionally abolished slavery in 1865 and followed up by that, 14th and 15th amendment admitted equal citizenship, protection, and rights of suffrage despite the one’s race or skin color. Former slaves were no longer belongings of their owners.
The aftermath of the Civil War caused drastic transformations among the American people between the years 1860 and 1880. Of these changes rose the issues of political and social relations within the nation. The issues of political and social relationships arose among several different groups of people, causing these relationships to drastically change. Through the transformations of public liberty, right of succession, and slavery, the Civil War and it's inevitable aftermath was able to alter the political and social relationships that had been instilled in the fabric of America before the times of 1860.
The living legacy of the United States Civil War is a complicated time in American history one finds difficult to describe. The ramification of the war prior, during and after still haunt the current citizens who call The States their home. Tony Horwitz’s book Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War looks at the wide gap of discontent that still looms in the late 1990s. For some southerners, the Confederacy still lives on through reenactments, stories and beliefs. For others in the South, reminders the land was dedicated to the Confederacy spark hatred and spite.
In the medieval period of 1050-1300, the Kingdom of France progressed and developed along many lines. A new culture developed, a central government emerged and new lines of thought began to come into fruition. With these developments, many problems began to emerge. The issue of violence in general emerged as a problem that needed to be addressed by the government. In addition, greed and corruption ravaged the church questioning its moral integrity, and thus, its authority.