Southern Manifesto Segregation

James Meredith attempted attempted to integrate Ole Miss in 1962 and ignited riots. On September 30, 1962, riots erupted on the campus of the University of Mississippi. The decision to integrate Ole Miss was James Meredith's alone. Why James Meredith fought to integrate the University of Mississipi. How much should the traditional-state based system be disrupted to aid blacks?

After the civil war and with the assassination of President Lincoln the south was forced to go through the reconstruction. Reconstruction was a highly oppressive system, under the guise of readmitting states into the union that the north used to make the rebel states pay for the civil war. The south was lawless to a certain degree and those who had been part of the confederacy were punished severely. Even coming to a point of having to beg the president for their rights For all practical purposes the north made reconstruction as hard for the south as possible, and because of this reconstruction caused more harm than good to either side.

He was tried for false voters registration, and was fined a one year sentence or $100. Meredith made his first attempt to register, but was blocked by Governor Ross Barnett. Barnett was told not to interfere with his registration even though he is head Registrar. Fifth Court Circuit finds out that Meredith was rejected because of his race, and instantly says no one could be denied for their race (www.microsites.jfklibrary.org). Later on U.S. Marshals escorted him on campus, and caused a huge riot.

(McCutcheon -1) While all Americans coped with the overwhelming challenges that the economy and war presented, some Americans faced an additional hardship which included segregation. Legal segregation, also known as the Jim Crow Law, defined every aspect of life for those who lived under its restrictions. Racial segregation was a live well in the United States in the 1940’s. Segregation was a time when the courts enforced the separation of African Americans from other races.

Ten days later on September 30, the stakes were high for African Americans and white supremacy, and a plan was suggested that Meredith was to privately sneak onto campus and into his dormitory (Kirkpatrick 93). He was escorted by federal marshals directed by President Kennedy and into his dorm in Baxter Hall. With the number of federal marshals escorting Meredith onto campus, it brought attention to students and a riot shortly formed. By 8:00 that night, violence from the riot increased and national guardsmen appeared on the campus. Cars were set to fire on the streets and abundant amounts of tear gas were fired into the air from the national guardsmen (Sansing 273).

A social problem that arose was due Jim Crow Laws. Jim Crow Laws legalized racial segregation in all public facilities in southern states, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for African Americans. These laws were legalized in the Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson, which stated that “separate but equal” was constitutional. This

The Union victory in the Civil War in 1865 gave millions of slaves their freedom, however, the process of rebuilding the South during what is known as the Reconstruction Era, that took place between 1865 and 1877, introduced a whole new set of significant challenges. The most important part of reconstruction was to secure rights for former slaves. Radical republicans, aware that newly freed slaves would face racism and inequality, passed a series of progressive laws and amendments in Congress that protected blacks’ rights under federal and state law. This included the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments that granted black men citizenship and the right to vote. However, before the 14th and 15th amendments were passed, the Civil Rights Act of

In the 1950s-60s segregation was being attacked legally and constitutionally in the United States for the first time since Plessy vs Ferguson. Many instances can be found of this such as the Brown

Jim Crow laws Jim Crow law is how white people and colored people didn’t get along; there was lot unfairness between them such as segregation. Segregation is enforcing separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment. Like, in Alabama hospitals private or public, there can’t be any female nurses in the same room as a black man. For the buses, they had separate waiting rooms and separate ticket windows for the white and colored people. With restaurants whites and colored couldn’t be served in the same room unless they had a solid wall built from the roof down to separate them.

Prior to the 1950s while America had just recently escaped from the grips of World War II and was encountering a period of unprecedented economic growth and prosperity, the atmosphere of America was struggling under ideas of social conformity and conservatism. During this time America was greatly opposed to ideas of change and revolution and sought to keep principles of racial discrimination and gender expectations intact. As a majority, racial segregation and discrimination were still widely ingrained in American society, primarily in the southern states. Many African Americans throughout the nation faced daily struggles of systemic discrimination and were largely subjected to Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation and contributed

First, the University of Mississippi is a very segregated school. It was full of whites that attended that school during the 1960’s. You didn’t even see a black person there. They did not like blacks at all.

Meredith Jr, an African American Air Force veteran, was denied admission to the “Ole Miss” which is the University of Mississippi. He tried registering four times without success. Meredith got legal add from the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) and fought his case and the Supreme Court found in his favor. Long telephone conversations between the Attorney General, President Kennedy and Governor Ross Barnett failed to produce an answer. When federal marshals convoyed Meredith to campus in another attempt to register for classes, rioting erupted which led to death of two people and injuries to dozens.

Laws of segregation started in the north during the civil war (William V. Moore). Black people were segregated from railway cars, theaters, schools, prisons, and hospitals. After the 13th amendment was passed, slaves had some freedom, but then Andrew Johnson took up the presidency when Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, and he was a supporter of states rights. Taking advantage of state’s rights southern states started to pass the “black codes”. Mississippi enacted the first law of the black codes.

Desegregation was (is?) an acute conflict. There is no in between area, no “well, how about just a little segregation, like every Tuesday or in malls”, the only result is complete desegregation or allowing it to exist. “Separate but equal” is not actually equal. Acute conflicts usually happen when something fundamentally important is at stake, such as freedom, and there is never going to be room to compromise such fundamental ideals.

For the next few months, the African American students attended school under armed supervision. Even so, they faced physical and verbal abuse from their white peers’’(Source B).This demonstrates how people got together and protested along with the African American students on how the segregationists were being racist and treating them like they were nonexistent. This also shows how the segregationists were ignoring the fact that others were disagreeing with them, but they were mainly focused on being inconsiderate and treating the ‘’Little Rock Nine’’ poorly because they were Negros. After All, the Little Rock Showdown displayed how the segregationists treated the Negro students unequally because they were just as qualified to go to school with white