Critical Review On Self-Directed Learning

MOOC allows anyone to join, it’s free, and it’s online. Compared to traditional colleges you would have to pay tuition and have to physically go to a classroom, be face-to-face and be social. But MOOC is becoming very popular with about 370,000 students this fall for the first official courses.

Mooc states that,”the evolving form knits together education, entertainment(thinkgaming), and social networking.” “Evolving form” represents the remodeling of the courses. MOOCs are now bringing their courses to expand throughout different type of

Technology is changing the way people around the world can learn. In the article, “The Year Of The MOOC” , Laura Pappano discusses MOOCs which are massive open online courses. After reading each student’s essays James Gregory should take MOOCs. Gregory should take a MOOC because he is responsible, doesn’t like attention, and his very helpful. These online courses are designed for people like him.

A MOOC is a Massive Open Online Course that helps prepare college students for college. The article “ The Year of the MOOC” by Laura Pappano. It is about an online course that helps students be prepare students in the subjects they need help in. It is like an online tutor that is free. The article “ I Couldn’t Imagine wanting to Dye my Hair Blond ” by Christina Mendoza.

Objectivism Pros • Advocates for “independent thinking, productiveness, justice, honesty, and self-responsibility” (Biddle, 2014). o As educators we encourage independent thinking and when it comes to online learning, one will need to be able to think independently as sometimes the course will be asynchronous. • Objectivism advocates scientific advancement, industrial progress, objective (as opposed to “progressive” or faith-based) education” (Biddle, 2014). • “Every principle is derived from the observable facts of reality and the demonstrable requirements of human life and happiness” (Biddle, 2014). o I feel that my district is doing this currently with their “visible learning walkthroughs.”

As also cited by Gentlemen (1999) year level is the student’s increases, learning competencies more skilled at using a Meta cognitive approach to their own learning: students gain confidence and tend to become more independent as learners. Once students have come to the realization that they can pursue their own intellectual needs, they will discover a world of information and the tools needed to fully take advantage of resources at their fingertips, an

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the study Learning is a change in behavior over time that is brought about by experience during training in educational encounter (Akubuiro and Joshua, 2003). Training as part of education, is the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competence as a result of the teaching of practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competences (Angel, 2007). Training helps the learner to acquire certain useful skills and develop critical mind for the learner’s self-development.

Kolb’s model is built up through the four stages of individual learning process (Kolb, 2005;

SDT focuses on people’s inner motivation. SDT assumes that people naturally self-motivate themselves and that success inherently is the greatest reward, not just external rewards or outcomes. The theory also recognizes that people can become stagnant and passive in their behavior. SDT accounts for this division by examining

Differentiation, with respect to instruction, means tailoring it to meet individual needs of the students. Teachers can differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction. Teachers differentiate the four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile. (Tomlinson 2000). Differentiated instruction can be known as an organizing framework in teaching and learning which calls for a major restructuring in the classroom and syllabus, if done in the proper way, its benefits will transgress the costs.

Heutagogy “Heutagogy is the study of self-determined learning … It is also an attempt to challenge some ideas about teaching and learning that still prevail in teacher centred learning and the need for, as Bill Ford (1997) eloquently puts it ‘knowledge sharing’ rather than ‘knowledge hoarding’. In this respect heutagogy looks to the future in which knowing how to learn will be a fundamental skill given the pace of innovation and the changing structure of communities and workplaces.” In self-determined learning, it is important that learners acquire both competencies and capabilities (Stephenson, 1994 as cited in McAuliffe et al., 2008, p. 3; Hase & Kenyon, 2000, 2007). Competency can be understood as proven ability in acquiring knowledge

initiative for planning their own learning, seeking out the necessary resources, implementing and evaluating their own learning (tenant p10). The research by Tough prompted a multitude of research on the phenomenon. To date self-directed learning is one of the most widely researched area in the field of adult learning ( Owen , T Ross 2002). Categories of SDL Merriam, Caffarella & Baumgartner p107 have classified studies on self-directed learning into three broad categories. Each of these categories captures a major perspective of self-directed learning.

Learning from experience According to some researcher’s experiential learning theory (ELT) has been widely used in management learning research and practice for over thirty-five years. Building on the foundational works of Kurt Lewin, John Dewey and others, experiential learning theory offers a dynamic theory based on a learning series driven by the resolution of the dual tensions of action/reflection and experience/abstraction. These two dimensions state a holistic learning space wherein learning transactions take place between individuals and the environment.

Mudrock and Scutt (2003) explaines self-development in the context of a manager, to improve themselves and perform successfully in order to come across objectives of the organisation. Stickland (1996) states self-development paves the way for employees to be succeeded in their career demands in the emotional convention. In the same way, In contrast, Stickland (1996) argues self-development merely as a self-motivating model and further indicates that people feel difficult to manage self-development procedures without an approach for the direction and practical assistance hence the procedures of self-development are complicated. However, Pedler (1982) mentions that self-development assists managers in organisations to identify their own matters and develop their role as a manager by improving knowledge and skills with the guide provided by colleagues at the

Carr (2000) reported dropout rates as high as 80% in online classes and suggested a rule of thumb that course completion rates are often 10 to 20% higher in traditional courses. (Ni, A. Y, n.d.) Thus, it is very challenging for the participant to actively seek for the help, learn and figure it out the material independently without any help from friends and others. Some of students may not have the skill to be the effective learners and after that triggers them have lack of motivation to learn independently. Especially with students who new to higher education, they tend to feel extremely depressed when faced with particular academic challenge and get easily to drop out.(Bejerano, A. R. 2008)