The saponification (a reaction in making soap) process is a base (usually NaOH or KOH) hydrolysis of triglycerides to make salt (soap) and glycerol. Alkalis such as Sodium carbonate and Sodium hydroxide are used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to a salt. The molecules crystallize differently depending on the base used. NaOH produces a harder bar while KOH is used more frequently for liquid soaps. In some cases, Lithium soaps are formed and produce much harder soaps. There are four methods of soap production presently in use; the melt and pour method, cold process method, hot process method, and the rebatching method. OR Figure 2.1. The equation for the saponification process of soap production For centuries, …show more content…
It can also be defined as a water-soluble cleansing substance which combines with impurities to make them more soluble. It differs from soap by not forming a scum with the salts in hard water. When a soap or detergent is added to water, the molecules form clusters, known as micelles, in which the polar ends of the molecules are on the outside of the cluster and the non-polar ends are in the middle. The cleansing action of both soaps and detergents results from their ability to emulsify or disperse water-insoluble materials (dirt, oil, and grease) and hold them in suspension in …show more content…
These ions form precipitates with soap molecules, and this precipitate is often seen as a grey line on a bathtub or sink and is often called soap scum. Since soap forms a precipitate with these ions, it means that many of the soap molecules are no longer present in the solution. Therefore, soap will form fewer bubbles in hard water. Soft water is water that contains very few or no ions that precipitate with soap. Soap will therefore be much more effective in soft water than in hard water. The steps for the saponification soap making method can therefore be simplified into four: • Saponification: The fat and oil is mixed with the alkali and heated. The soap produced is the salt of a long chain carboxylic acid. • Glycerine removal: Saturated salt solution is added to dissolve the glycerine in the wet soap. A greater part of the glycerine is removed and separated from the soap whiles the other part remains to smoothen and soften the soap. • Soap purification: Any remaining alkali is neutralized by adding a suitable acid and the remaining water is removed. • Finishing: Additives such as preservatives, colour or perfume are added and then the soap is shaped as
Our hypothesis was partially correct, the property changing substances did have the weakest coherency with the lowest drop counts of 23(carbonated), and 14(soap), and pure water did have the strongest bond. What we also found was the the salt also dampened the liquid’s ability to hold onto a penny in large volumes, as all the different salts had a drop average of 24(28x2 & 16), five less than Tap water’s drop count (30). This led us to conclude that pure water has the strongest bond and that all foreign materials weaken the coherency of water. This evidence has led me to believe that similar substances are attracted and are more coherent towards themselves, in this case the water pieces get separated and generally less connected on a really small level due to the obstruction of foreign objects, this is why the different salts perform better than the huge air bubbles or the slippery properties of soap since the latter is more obstructive and the former dissolves with the water and blocks less. When studying a few other groups’ conclusions and data we did indeed find differences: some groups had differing data where a solution had better coherence than water itself which led to differing conclusions.
SOAP Evaluation 1. Sign and symptoms/Clinical presentation of disease process a. How did your patient present: 62 y.o. white, female patient with past medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, and obesity presented with chief complaint of a painful vesicular rash on her back down to her waist. “The rash is very painful. It’s a continuous stabbing, burning pain.” She rates the pain 8/10.
Very simple process. First one needs to use the bubbling SOAP mild washing your face and remove all dirt and grime get accumulated on top. Then you need to use to keep skin moist at all times and help skin creams to retain moisture in the skin inside and then finish off with the use of moisturizing cream. This system daily skin needs to be followed to clear blackheads. Then smear a thin layer of cream, benzoyl peroxide on the pimples.
One of the main ingredients in Lush products is Sodium Bicarbonate, which is a weak base. It has to react with a weak acid in order to release carbon dioxide gas, creating the famous fizzing in bath bombs when dropped into water. Another ingredient common to many soap products is SLS, or Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. The controversial ingredient is known to
Pop rocks are made in sugar which dissolves in water as the pop rocks dissolve they release tiny trapped bubbles of carbon dioxide which make the bubbles and the noise. But sugar doesn't dissolve in oil so pop rocks i oil doesn't dissolve or make bubbles. Pop rock is a carbonated candy with ingredients including sugar lactose and flavoring. It differs from tropical hard candy in that it creates a fizzy reactions when it dissolves in your mouth.
Leslie G Hour 3 10-12-15 Thinking About the Problem For my science experiment project I am testing to see which chemical is the sanitizer for a hot tub or pool. This "Thinking About the Problem" will help me think about my topic and gather information to modify the variables in my experiment. The following chemicals are sanitizers that are used to control bacteria and algae growth. They also reduce the risk of viruses and microorganisms as well as help keep the water clear.
Tools required include your normal shampoo, condition, natural hair comb, dryer, hair moisturizer, spray color, towels. Keep all tools close, during the process. Step 2 Wash and condition the natural hair. Apply a bit of hair moisturizer, if desired. For example, shea butter or a spray hair moisturizer.
Nowadays people are using more than just a sink filter in their homes. After studies came out documenting the dangers of bathing and cleaning with tap water, many people have taken the plunge and bought whole house water filters. It might sound like an exaggeration to use a whole house water filter but it 's really not. The dangers of what comes out of your tap are not only a problem when you drink it.
I assume by my results that using more soap will not affect how many germs are removed, because when you get to a sertain point when the one layer of soap covers your hands when you put more layers it is harder to get all of the layers of soap to actually come into contact with your hands. But it is possible that if you use more soap and scrub with lots of friction you will get all of the new layers of soap in contact with your hands. You could also use just two or three pumps and then rinse it off and reapeat it, that will defidently remove more germs. I also assumed that antibacterial soap would give better results because it is filled with active microbial inredients which would remove more germs, but if you used normal soap and had more friction you would get the same relults as if you used antibacterial soap and washed with not much friction.
As a rule, usually when you are done using soap you put it back on the shelf or if it fell you lean out quickly and pick it up. This shows Horace's wife strategically placed the soap to cover up her killing him. Some may believe Horace was showering in a hurry dropped the soap out of the shower, jumped out to brush his teeth forgot the soap was on the ground got his feet soapy and continued to the sink and later slipped to his. Which doesn’t seem like the case because there is so more evidence that proves
. SUPER HYDROPHOBICITY Soumya Ranjan Sahoo (711CH1025) NIT, Rourkela Abstract: Superhydrophobicity as a sensation has turned into an increasing focus of research and technological movement, where its key viewpoints span surface chemistry, chemical physics, and cellular biology. Hydrophobic particles have a tendency to be non-polar and, accordingly, incline toward other neutral molecule and non-polar solvents. Hydrophobic atoms in water frequently bunch together, shaping micelles.
The salt produced from these tears are later described to be used in cooking.
The project Soap It Up tested the PH levels of 2 herbal soaps and 2 chemical soaps to see if there's a difference in acidity levels for chemical soaps and herbal soaps. This topic intrigued me because I have always wondered if there is a difference in quality for chemical and herbal soaps. The experiment Soap It Up was conducted during the time period of a week at controlled temperatures not causing any manipulation of data. After the experiment was conducted and the averages of the collected data were taken, results showed that herbal soaps have a lower PH in relation to chemical soaps. After doing some research I learned that soaps tend to have a PH range of from 7-10, all the soaps I tested had PH in a healthy range, so I can assume that
The softening charm seems like it would make objects soft and squishy like a stuffed animal, but its effect is slightly different. The softening charm makes objects slightly lighter and a bit squishy and bouncy. It makes objects sort of like a rubber ball. The incantation for the softening charm is Spongify, which is pronounced like spuhn-jee-fye. Emphasis is to be put on the first syllable, spuhn.