Police Officer Discrimination

The Supreme Court in view of crime and other dangers-offers police mobility in containing crime. In response to the crime in the early 1960’s, Orlando W. Wilson states how police in order to discover and eliminate crime, they must have the authority to question suspects under “reasonable suspicion and search a suspect on reasonable ground.” Usually when a Police officer needs to hold someone in arrest or search a suspect they must have a warrant. This idea proposed by Wilson is to search or talk with a suspect without a warrant only when provided by reasoning that said suspect producing suspicious behavior. This may seem as too much power in the hands of the police but this suggestion does not justify searching anyone and everyone.

The author expands his explanations with various sociological theories. Moreover, he discusses why the poor urban areas attract police officers to patrol them more often. The content of certain chapters is used in sociological and political explanations of police brutality. Holmes, M. D., & Smith, B. W. (2008). Race and police brutality: Roots of an urban dilemma.

There’s a lot going on about the world and how cops use excessive force when it comes to taking down the bad guy. This topic focuses on the black lives matter movement because they are letting cops get away with murder because the color of their skin and they wear a blue uniform with a badge. In many cases such as Michael Brown, Christian Thomas, and the little African American who the cop threw out the chair in SC. where the authority use excessive force to make their position clear in the society, but they do it too extreme and not needed. While sometime the amount of force is needed to withstand the victim , police abuse their authority in many cases because they can and is not needed but racial bias is playing a part.

Assurance in equal justice remains as an overwhelming political principle of American culture. Yet withstanding unbelief exists among numerous racial and ethnic minorities. Their doubt comes as no surprise, given a past filled with differential treatment in the arrangement of criminal equity, an issue particularly clear in police misconduct. Researchers have investigated police responses to racial and ethnic minorities for quite some time, offering sufficient confirmation of minority burden on account of police. These examinations raise doubt about different police techniques of coercive control, maybe none more so than police brutality.

Throughout history the role of power, specifically in the police institution has been a controversial topic. Police work started as an institution purely based on personal and community judgment, often leading to wrongful verdicts. Specifically policing in the 1970’s through the 1990’s experienced a significant amount of change. In order to diminish or reduce corruption the Knapp commission, and Blue Ribbon Panels were put into place. However, throughout time police policies, and state laws evolved into a new institution devoted to “ service and professionalism, and responsibility for public safety and ethical conduct”(Dodge, Rennison, 120).

Introduction Racism is still visible and prominent in the country, particularly in communities. A current issue of it being present is Racial Profiling. It has been reported that some Law Enforcements stop drivers, motorists, pedestrians of certain types of racial or ethnical groups because they believe they are more likely to commit street-level crimes. Black or African Americans, Hispanics, Asians and Middle Easterners are said to be the ones dealing and experiencing this issue. These racial groups have been proclaimed searched, received countless tickets, warned, verbally assaulted and arrested by some Law Enforcements.

Racial Profiling is probably one of the most controversial debates in law enforcement. The point of this paper is to bring to the attention of the public about why racial profiling is morally wrong. For years this has been a big problem. It seems like nowadays law enforcers assume that people of different race are more likely to commit crimes due to stereotypical assumptions.

Several law enforcement agencies have gone through expensive litigation over civil rights concerns. Police-citizen relations in those communities have been strained, making policing more challenging. Most importantly, racial profiling is unlikely to be an effective policing strategy as criminals can simply shift their activities outside the profile (e.g., if racial profiling begins with police stopping black males in their teens and twenties for being drug carriers, criminals may start using other demographic groups — such as Hispanics, children or the elderly — to move drugs). Despite training to avoid discrimination, officers may still rely on cultural stereotypes and act on their perceptions of a person 's characteristics (such as age, race or gender)” (National Institute of Justice, 2013).

The authors suggest that interventions aimed at reducing implicit biases and racial anxiety may be effective in reducing the incidence of police use of force against minority groups. They also emphasize the importance of addressing the connections of race and other social identities in understanding police behavior. As the article that was previously mentioned research has discovered that people of color tend to be “stopped, searched, arrested, and convicted of crimes, even when controlling for factors such as crime rates and other demographic characteristics” more than white individuals (Spencer). This goes on to show the logical reasoning behind the existence and impact of racial profiling and discrimination in the criminal justice system. Much of this information is gathered from academic resources provided on the school library website or from other educational institutes.

This creates a situation that allows police officers discretion in the way they think about what they see and how they handle those with whom they come in contact. There has been an effort by the research community to examine issues concerning how police act and respond in general and what police do specifically when they interact with citizens. A conspicuous void in the research effort has been the lack of attention paid to the process by which police officers form suspicion about a suspect whether or not a formal intervention such as a stop was made. Officers in Savannah, Georgia were observed and debriefed after they became suspicious about an individual or vehicle. Observers accompanied officers on 132, 8-hour shifts, during

 If the police reasonably suspect the person is armed and dangerous, they may conduct a frisk, a quick pat-down of the person’s outer clothing” (“reasonable suspicion”).   This gives the power to the police to search, but it is also a concern for racial profiling. The officers can abuse their power to search someone just because they are a race that they don’t like Cases like Michael Brown, shot 6 times by former police officer Darren Wilson have cause turmoil in the black community. Brown was unarmed when he was shot by an officer. There are many unknown facts over the case that people tend to deduct themselves.

As a result police officers have become a major key in the arrests of many people of color. Alexander explains how police will stop and search people of color who are “suspected” of containing drugs or who look “suspicions.” Police officers are actually encouraged in their training to use racial profiling and when a person files a complaint the Courts always take the side of the police officer. As stated by Alexander, “The dirty little secret of policing is that the Supreme Court has actually granted the police license to discriminate” (130). Many would argue that police officers and the justice system are fair and that they don’t discriminate and that one does have a fair trial in court from all the lies the media and television shows feeds the people about the justice system and police force.

If police officers do their jobs and advise suspects of their rights at the appropriate times, during custodial interrogations, future case law won’t be required in order to generate more

Public security departments are reviewing their resident from racial prejudice and search all over the country, but it is impossible to know whether to stop and retrieve the distribution is unfair, without first analyzing what interests ask the police in this regard. This paper provides an analysis of empirical research, we developed a standardized basis. This article also provides general theory of police fairness aspect neglected by calling attention to the ideal. In this process, it shows the specification empirical sociological investigation. Public security departments across the country are subject to review their street station mode, traffic stops and possible causes and agree searches.

INTRODUCTION In almost all societies police is a source of controversy as it constitutes a legitimate force, interposed between the state and the law on one side and citizens on the other. What people think about the police and their work becomes extremely important and can serve as a significant social indicator of the political health of a society as a whole (Benson, 1981 cited by Andreescu & Keeling, 2010, p.1). The manner in which the stakeholders "see" the police can determine the perceived legitimacy of the institution itself, the respect and the citizens’ compliance with the law (Tyler & Huo, 2002), and the quality of their interaction and cooperation with the police as well. The police equally represents a matter of substance and image,