Our protocol takes two integers decomposed into encrypted bit vectors [a][b] and outputs the greater integer. In this configuration cloud 1 (C1) has the encrypted bit vectors of the integers being compared and cloud 2 (C2) knows the private key. The protocol is as follows in a very concise form. we can say with firm conviction that vector [Y] consist of encrypted zeros at every location except one location which holds the value of encrypted one. This distinct location identifies the first position where vector [a] and [b] differ.
1. C1 then performs a permutation on vector [Y] and sends it to C2. C2 decrypts the vector and informs C1 where the distinct bit is located. By performing reverse permutation C1 knows precisely where the bit flip occurs and the two key bits that must be compared
2.
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C1 then conducts a coin to randomize the order of which the two key bits are send to C2. C2 decrypts the two bits and evaluates which one is greater and informs C1. C1 then decides whether the condition is satisfied.
During the execution of this protocol no information regarding the value of the two integers being compared is ever revealed to C2. Furthermore, the number of communications between C1 and C2 is constant. To perform range queries over encrypted integers in the cloud, we assume the data owner has encrypted and outsourced their database to C1. Integers in particular are encrypted using their bit representation. The lower and upper bound of the query are encrypted in a similar fashion. The comparison protocol is executed for every record. C1 returns the records that have met the conditions to the end
When A requests an encryption of conjunctive keyword W, algorithm C calls the above algorithm for responding to H-queries to obtain an h_i∈G_1. Then he searches the
I am going to explain the current methods and protocols we use in a LAN environment to provide a high level of redundancy, such as EtherChannel, FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocols) and STP (Spanning Tree protocols). I will briefly explain how the protocols work & then discusses the latest implementations of the protocol and the environment you would expect to see them working in. The STP is a protocol that prevents loops from occurring in a switched LAN environments when a device has multiple interconnected paths. The protocols works by sending BDPU messages across in the interconnected devices, detects the loop then removes it from the topology by shutting down the port.
In contrast to previous Deduplication i.e. traditional Deduplication system/architecture in the cloud, this is i.e. Private cloud concept is a fresh entity launched for smooth the progress of consumer’s secure utilization of service provided by cloud. In particular, the fact that the computing assets at user’s side which are controlled moreover a public cloud is not that totally trusted in practical practice, while a private cloud is capable to make available data/file owner with implementation surroundings and make an infrastructure work effectively as a boundary between the owner and a public
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If you think your phone is secure, it is still vulnerable to pilfer your data. Now a day’s hacker does not need physical access to the phone. They can infect your device with the virus or steal your personal information using malicious applications remotely. You can keep away your phone from hackers by taking the 10-smartphone security steps. Step 01:
Windows operating system is generally very stable but there are a few errors and bugs that keep appearing from time to time. We mostly use USB devices these days and therefore most errors now are also associated with USB ports and devices. The Code 43 in the Device Manager appears when the operating system identifies problems associated with a device and closes it for use in the operating system. This problem can appear on a variety of Windows platforms such as Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10 as well as on Windows Server.
This algorithm consist of series of substitutions and permutation on each block of 64 bit message, which is then EX-OR with input. This process is repeated 16 times. Due to 16 rounds of DES algorithm it is more secure . Very high throughput is achieved using this
× C3D2E1F0 H4 = 0 × 98BADCFE Step 6: Message processing in 512 bit blocks – There are ‘L’ blocks of total message is present. In this step the SHA-1 algorithm loops through the padded and appended message in 512-bit blocks. We define the input and predefined functions as,
What is the barrier to representing data geographically, and what should be done to overcome that barrier? The most factual assessments of location are changing so fluidly that applications have a difficult time remaining accurate in description.the ability to receive the ever changing dynamic of developing townships and communities create barriers to present an accurate geographical data. The process of information often looses content in the filtering and the perspective of concepts varies person to person and in applications. I think to encourage content integrity and develop a standard GIS personnel should review the submitted data in order to properly grasp all useful data and offer information.
Company Overview Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. or better known as Walgreens currently operates as one of largest retail drugstore chain in the world. With over 12,800 stores in 11 countries, Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc. has solidified its standing as a leader in the retail drug market. The newly formed corporation was designed with a holding company structure and has a presence in over 25 countries and employs upwards to 370,000 people making it the largest retail pharmacy destination in both the United States and Europe (Annual Report, 2014). Walgreens gained a 45 % stake in Alliance Boots at the end of 2012 in an attempt at creating a global brand. Walgreens decided to take an option of a complete buyout which would be finalized in 3 years,
First, we observe that either ai and i have the same parity for all i or ai and i have opposite parity for all i. This follows from the fact that a 2n+1-flip preserves the parity of every term in the sequence and a 2n-flip reverses the parity of every term of the sequence. Hence, any finite sequence x1x2...xm that contains two consecutive terms of the same parity cannot occur anywhere in the infinite sequence. I claim that all other finite sequences can occur at the beginning of the infinite sequence. To prove that this is so, I will describe a recursive algorithm for constructing a sequence of n-flips that takes takes 1,2,3,... to a sequence beginning with a given finite sequence
If additional operations are performed, its following encrypted answers deteriorate, they are "dirty" (which is known as a noise). This means that the current version of the technology is not really fully homomorphic because calculations aren't all possible to be performed. In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient data Access control mechanism. Also, we're going to address an important subject in the Cloud, risk management.
Moreover, it is also possible that a conflict between personal protection and legal system data to happen, at any place in the cloud provider (Fortinova, 2013). 2.2) Security of cloud computing Generally, when the security word comes to be the topic it means, the safety of institutions or organizations against the cyber criminal and in simpler terms, free from any vulnerabilities and risks. It has been said that cloud computing is one recent innovation that opens a lot of opportunities for the people up to their conveniences, nonetheless, it comes with a lot of issues in the computer world; the fundamental question is “how secure is cloud computing?” and the answer can be one incredible discussion (Davenport, 2012).
In the information age, sharing and transfer of data has increased tremendously and usually the information exchange is done using open channels which can make it vulnerable to interception. The threat of an intruder accessing secret information has been a continuing concern for data communication experts [6]. Steganography (SG) is one of many techniques used to overcome this threat. [16] It is an art of hiding the existence of communication, in contrast to cryptography. Basically it’s a method of concealing the information in ways that prevents the detection of hidden information.
Transparency made possible by cloud technology