(C) APPROACH We propose to test the hypothesis that papillomavirus infection and persistence are influenced by local host defense factors. MmuPV1 persistent infection at mucosal sites in outbred and inbred nude mice can be tracked (15-17) in addition to skin sites (35)(Preliminary data). Interestingly, not all sites showed the same level of susceptibility to MmuPV1 infection. For example, the back skin has been the least susceptible site when compared with other skin sites such as the tail and the muzzle. The vaginal tract is the most susceptible site when compared with the other mucosal sites such as oral and anal sites (16, 17, 34, 36). To obtain the robust and unbiased results, we will include up to six samples (3-4 samples are commonly used for this kind of study) of each group for RNA sequencing. To minimize the variables in the study, we plan to use the inbred mouse strain (NU/J-Foxn1nu/J). To minimize the variation in age, the siblings of the infected mice without infection will be used as negative controls. In Specific …show more content…
Both outbred and inbred nude mice are susceptible to MmuPV1 infection at different cutaneous sites. MmuPV1 infection was initiated at cutaneous sites including the muzzle, the tail, and the back. The lesions on the tail appear earlier than those at the muzzle. When compared with muzzle and tail sites, the back is the least susceptible site. Interestingly, secondary back skin infection can be found in many animals that were initially infected at mucosal sites indicating a self-infection was efficient to grow tumors in nude mice. A carcinoma was developed in a female outbred nude mouse skin site A cutaneous lesion grew at the foreleg of one infected animal at 9.5 months post-infection (Fig. 2A). Histological analysis showed that this lesion had progressed to malignancy (Fig. 2B). The lesion was MmuPV1 positive (Fig. 2
Dr. Colleen Winters – BIO 655 Vishall G. Kaistha TITLE: “Recombination-Directed DNA Repair Promote Homologous Stimulating Transcription of Genes That That Preserves Genomic Integrity by MEN1 Is a Melanoma Tumor Suppressor”.
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
Rough Mountain spotted fever is a standout amongst the most generally known tick-borne sicknesses to influence pooches. It has a place with a class of illnesses known as Rickettsia; bar molded microorganisms that take after microbes, yet which act like infections, duplicating just inside living cells. Rickettsia rickettsii is the creature in charge of Rocky Mountain spotted fever lives parasitically in ticks and is transmitted by chomp to vertebrate hosts. Certain breeds will probably add to a serious response to the R. rickettsii life form than others; these incorporate thoroughbred pooches and German shepherds. The signs and indications of Rocky Mountain spotted fever change as per the kind of ailment the puppy has.
Although after about ten days, Musoke manages to survive his encounter with the hot agent. Musoke’s blood samples are then sent to laboratories where they find he is tested positive for the Marburg virus. Marburg virus is one of a family of viruses known as the filoviruses in which all the filoviruses look alike and they resemble no other virus on earth. The family of filoviruses comprise of Marburg along with two types of a virus called Ebola. The Marburg virus is known to be the most gentle out of these three; it affects humans by damaging all of the tissues in their bodies.
What are viruses? An infective agent that typically consists of a DNA acid molecule in a protein coat, is too small to be seen by a microscope, and is able to multiply only within the living cells of a host; viruses are smaller than any infectious bacterial particles. Viruses rely on the host cells they infect to reproduce. While outside of host cells, viruses are protein coats or capsids, sometimes inside a layer of film.
They weren’t cancerous cells, since they didn’t spread. After Special Circumstances had attacked the Smoke to find Tally Youngblood, Shay, one of Tally’s friends and a runaway, was turned pretty. “I woke up and the whole city was on fire.” said Youngblood, “I tried to escape, I was almost there when one of the specials caughts me. They took me to a rabbit pen, where I saw Shay and the rest of my friends, and she was an ugly.
Main Point 3: When in an area where Zika is common, or there are many mosquitos, some precautions are to be taken to stay clear of the virus. Sub-Point 1: It is recommended that when you are in a tropical country, you must use insect repellents. You should also wear long sleeves and pants, and sleep under a mosquito net. Sub-Point 2: If you are coming back from another island or you are infected it is important to visit the doctors within 2 weeks.
Horses are most likely to contract the HeV when exposed to the urine of infected flying foxes. According to the CDC website, no human to human transmission has been recorded. Risk and
Eventually, the researchers cooperated a control group in their study. The control group consisted of the men that were previously involved in the study last winter. The researcher selected two hundred of the men that were between certain ages and examine them. Also, this group of men did not have syphilis. Although, some of the men had to be turned down because their test result were positive for syphilis.
Some of the infected men passed on the infections to their wives, who then passed it onto their
The Public Health Service ran many tests on men who were in the late stages of syphilis, a stage called tertiary (Jones, 1993, p. 1). Prior to the experiment
Introduction Primarily a zoonotic disease of warm blooded animals such as dogs, wild cats, jackals and wolfs. It is caused by a bullet shaped NEUROTROPIC RNA VIRUS belongs to rhabdoviridae type 1.Rabies is the deadliest disease on the earth with a 99.9% fatality rate. The rabies virus attacks the central nervous system causing severely distressing neurological symptoms. Agent factor Rhabdovirus type 1(RNA virus) Structure
“First, the feeding behavior of vampire bats is similar to that of parasites because the prey is not killed. Repeated feeding on the same animal therefore may occur, either by the same bat on successive nights or by other bats. Second, the abundant secretion of saliva and the persistent licking of the wound for about 30 min during each bat feeding facilitates a lingering contact between the bat saliva and the subcutaneous or muscular tissues, or both, of the prey. Third, anticoagulants are large molecules (such as proteins) that can behave as antigens. Acquired immunity against saliva, tissues, and organs of multicellular parasites has been reported in mammals, a response that facilitates damaging and killing ticks and other parasites (Greenhall
Introduction: The purpose for vaccines is to simulate the effects of natural immunization without the risk posed by contracting the virus. For over 50 years, it has been the custom for people to give their pets yearly vaccinations. To what extent does over-vaccination detrimentally affect the health and well-being of dogs?
Human monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus (family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae), that occurs mostly in the rain forests of central and western Africa. People living in or near the forested areas may have indirect or low-level exposure, possibly leading to subclinical infection. However, the disease recently emerged in the United States in imported wild rodents from Africa. Monkeypox has a clinical presentation very similar to that of ordinary forms of smallpox, including flulike symptoms, fever, malaise, back pain, headache, and characteristic rash. Given this clinical spectrum, differential diagnosis to rule out smallpox is very important.