Marketing—Informal Market While both, the local business investment and foreign direct investment (FDI) have been strong in many parts of Latin America, it would be naïve to think about marketing in the region without thinking about the informal market/itinerate vendors or role of informality. This form of marketing has been in place for centuries and as one travels throughout Latin America one sees its pervasiveness and its impact on individuals and local economies. Generally, each city in Latin America has a central open market. Here vendors have situated themselves in positions of heavy traffic so that they can implement their daily ritual of selling, buying, negotiating and exchanging money for goods and goods for goods. This approach to …show more content…
For example; in Guatemala there are two central markets one for consumables and the other for the typical goods. This is evident in the countries of Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia …show more content…
Not only the spontaneous vendors work with each potential buyer presenting his/her product as cheap yet important, but these are vendors who use step ladders to climb to the windows of stopped busses to make a sale (in your face market/selling again) or the ambitious vendor who boards a bus selling his/her goods and then gets off and finds another bus to do the same thing. Some ventures generate lots of sales, other are not so lucky. Day in and day out these vendors go to their businesses and to the market to sell their goods. Many of the itinerate vendors sell goods at traffic intersections, tollbooths, airports, any place they can find people. In a majority of cases the reason for such perseverance of the informal vendors relate to a need for survival. Yet a more underlying reason is due to numerous institutional requirements necessary to start a business. For most new business in Latin America it takes 67 days o register and obtain a license to conduct a business. Worldwide the general length of time to process business registration is only 14 days. Clearly this is a significant barrier. Additionally, it costs about 36.6% per capita GDP to start a business as compared to OECD countries where the cost is only 5% (Valloso,
They often have the privilege of hiring themselves out, by paying their owners so much, at stated times, -say once a week, or once a month. Many of them are employed in factories and work at trades. They do very well, for if they are industrious, they can earn considerably more than is exacted of them by their
Panhandlers are given the opportunity by vendors to be a part of their business system through division of labor advancing their place within the community. They earn money by providing a service to vendors, rather than begging on the street corner, and are able to advance financially making more money than if they were to continue begging, the advancements of panhandlers are limited. Eventually, not all but most waste their earned money on drugs and alcohol, or other expenses leaving them once again broke. Through the process of mentoring and social support once might raise his position, but rarely ever out of the current socioeconomic class. Same thing applies to these vendors.
Andy. 7N6 Mrs.kapela Unit 1 Interim Writing Piece The Colombian Exchange was a trade between the Eastern and Western Hemisphere of plants,animals,ideas,and diseases. In the exchange, the Eastern Hemisphere got the “best deal”. For instance, document 2 states “ They brought smallpox,malaria,measles,influenza,and bubonic plague.
P1: Describe customers in four different contexts: A Market: A market is a place where demand and supply operate. Buyers and sellers interact to trade their good and services. (What is a market? , n.d.)
Food and crops diffused globally, creating a more balanced diet and distinct regional cuisines. Lucrative exports, such as sugar, tobacco, and coffee, were very profitable and the demand was for such products introduced new adverse health effects. Based on the foundations of early mercantilism, the seeds of capitalism began to form and influence global economies and emerging governments. The Columbian Exchange was as crucial as it was destructive. This drastic change in the world had positive and negative effects that can be evident in today’s
U.S. manufacturers can sell their products to the markets of these countries and can invest in the resources available. Cuba was an especially sought after territory because it provided a vast market, an investment territory, and a cultural outpost for Americans (Paterson 348). Due to its economic and political influence in the region, the U.S. had a hand in the affairs of many Latin American countries. In the late 1800s, sixty-four percent of Guatemala’s trade was managed by the U.S. (Paterson 346). While this may appear to be a generous gesture, their involvement was conducted with minimal consent from the country they controlled.
It is common knowledge that the United States and Latin America can be compared to one another on many scales. Several Latin American countries are currently in an ongoing transition from authoritarian regimes to democracy. Although, the United States is seen as the idea democracy, in which others shall transition towards, it is healthy to apply strict scrutiny. It is also healthy to acknowledge that due to the transatlantic slave trade, many Latin American countries were built upon the same slavery tactics that the United States were. This caused displacement of dark skinned Africans throughout the region.
Guatemala and the United States
There are different ways to enter the foreign market (except the direct and indirect export of the goods): wholly owned subsidiaries, merger & acquisitions, joint ventures, franchising/licensing agreements and minority investments. After determining the entry mode the company will choose the market and evaluate it to find the best way to enter it. The different forms of market entry strategies have advantages and disadvantages. Standardization of market operations and processes are more different if a company chooses merger & acquisitions and joint ventures, because first the partnerships need to be harmonization. These partnerships are valuable because of the partner’s knowledge about the local market.
The textbook list four types of salespeople based on activity as missionary salespeople, trade salespeople, prospectors, and account managers (Tanner and Raymond, 2010). Each of these type of salespeople create value for their companies. Missionary salespeople reach out to decision makers who are not the actual customers but influencers. It is an indirect method of selling, examples of a missionary salespeople would be textbook salespeople and pharmacutical reps (Tanner and Raymond, 2010).
This definition also includes workers that are self employed and home workers however it does not include informal wage of workers who are within the formal, registered businesses. Additionally informal businesses deal with legal goods and services and the way in which the business is operated is legal, which everything is done by the book. However, the international labour organization has changed the definition of the informal sector so that it includes both the self-employment in informal ventures and employment that is paid for in informal jobs. This definition suggests a wide approach that recognizes the informal market in its relations to the formal market rather than a strict division between formal and informal.
It extends to the other informal settlements of different sectors of economy including factory workers, taxi drivers and many other small workers who is a part of Metro Manila by providing small scale services to the people of the city. These people also face a major problem in finding affordable shelter in the city, and they are displaced to the periphery areas which are remote to the city and their place of employment. The only difference between these two types of informal settlements is that unlike seawall informal settlements, these informal settlements do get noticed by the people living in the city and the government due to their spill over and public place of
Informal Networks The article written by Richard McDermott and Douglas Archibald talks about informal networks in companies. Informal networks are more a kind of informal groups that are automatically formed in a company. The main motive behind forming this socially based informal group is to share knowledge. These informal networks have many names peer groups, communities of practice, functional groups etc.
ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION OF MARKETS AND ITS PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE SUBMITTED BY, REVIN FRANCIS NO-b1488 MBA-A MARKET STRUCTURE Market structure is defined by economists as the characteristics of the market. It can be organizational characteristics or competitive characteristics or any other features that can best describe a goods and services market. The major characteristics that economist have focused on in describing the market structures are the nature of competition and the mode of pricing in that market. Market structures can also be described as the number of firms in the market that produce identical goods and services. The market structure has great influence on the behaviour of individuals firms in the market.
Introduction At the start of this course, I had no idea what to expect. This is due to the fact that marketing is a field that offers a combination of so many different disciplines such as art, psychology, and statistics. I encounter marketing on a daily basis but have strangely enough not reflected too much about it. Nevertheless, it is a very interesting subject, which deals with promoting and selling services and products.