On October 31,1963 John Terry and two other men who were walking out of a store and a police officer Martin McFadden stop them. McFadden suspected them of robbing at a store and having concealed weapons. They were taken to the police station and was charged with carrying concealed weapons. According to McFadden the two men behaved in a suspicious manner when he was questioning them about the weapons which leads to the cause of the pat down searches. Richard Chilton could have possibly defended Terry about the concealed weapons just to prove to the court on how it started. The court argued on Terry’s case and on McFadden’s case to hear both sides about the weapons and conducting the pat down searches as not a violation from the …show more content…
This case was argued on December of 1967 and decided on June 10, 1968. Terry’s case argued that it was a violation to his constitutional rights and protections due to the search. However, it was determined if is McFadden had broken the Fourth Amendment
In Commonwealth v. Newman, 429 PA. 441 (1968), on November 16, 1964, at about 11:30 a.m. four detectives went to appellant 's home with a body warrant for appellant and a search warrant for the premises. The complaint for the search warrant recited that the affiant, Detective John McCrory, deposed that there was probable cause to believe that certain books, papers, and other items used for the purpose of a lottery were in the possession of Henderson Newman at or near 721 West Mary Street. They forcefully entered the appellant 's home without announcement or purpose. The court held that, the forcible entry without announcement of purpose violates the Fourth Amendment. The fruits of an illegal search are inadmissible under Mapp v. Ohio,
696, 709] suspect 's custody, we think the limitations applicable to investigative detentions of the person should define the permissible scope of an investigative detention of the person 's luggage on less than probable cause. Under this standard, it is clear that the police conduct here exceeded the permissible limits of a Terry-type investigative stop.” “In these respects, the canine sniff is sui generis. We are aware of no other investigative procedure that is so limited both in the manner in which the information is obtained and in the content of the information revealed by the procedure.”
The case of Mapp vs. Ohio is a case of illegal search and seizure. It went to the Supreme Court in 1961. It is important to today’s society because it might mean the difference between guilty and innocent. I agree with the Supreme Court because it is illegal to access private property without a warrant or consent. The case lasted until June 19, 1961.
In June 1968 the United States Supreme Court affirmed that the conviction allows police officers to interrogate and frisk suspicious individuals.(Chief Justice Warren) Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1
____, 2009 U.S. Lexis 3120 (2009) , used the standards outlined in Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357, 88 S. Ct. 507, 19 L. Ed. 2d 576 (1967) which states “searches conducted outside the judicial process, without prior approval by judge or magistrate, are per se unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment – subject only to a few specifically established and well-delineated exceptions.” The court also used Weeks v. United States 232 U.S. 383, 392, 34 S. Ct. 341, 58 L. Ed. 652, T.D. 1964 (1914), which states that a search incident to an arrest is among one of the exceptions to the warrant requirement.
The Weeks v United States case was the Supreme Court basis in determining to incorporate the Fourth Amendment into the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause and apply the exclusionary rule in state cases. In this essay, I am going to discuss the reason why the Supreme Court determine that the exclusionary rule should apply to the state police activity. Prior to the case of Weeks v United States, the state police activity “were not limited in their conduct by the Fourth Amendment” (Ingram p.81) and the exclusionary rule of Fourth Amendments illegal search and seizure only applies to federal law enforcement officers. Basically, it means that state law enforcement officials can illegally search and seized criminal activity evidence and court don’t prohibit the use of illegally obtained evidence in the trial court.
After being reviewed, the Court ruled that the search was not in violation of the Fourth Amendment. They said that “the realities of the workplace” did not give him the same privacy of being in his own home. It states that an individual’s workspace can be searched because it’s the safety of the workplace and the space is property of the business, not the employee. (O'Connor v. Ortega, n.d.).
Three Kansas City police score unit officer’s Jeffrey M. Bell, Dustin Sillings, and Darryl M. Forrest were charged with theft of federal government property, conspiracy against rights and deprivation of rights under color of the law. The Kansas City police officer were caught by FBI (Federal bureau of Investigation). The Kansas City police officers stole several items and cash in a house that had surveillance cameras during a staged sting operation. The type of situation always makes people wonder what would make these people want to do something like this? Why would the officers discarded their commitment to the city to protect and serve as they swore to do so?
Justice Douglas’s main argument in his decision of the Griswold v. Connecticut case is the state has intruded on personal privacy with the violation for due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the First Amendment, and the Bill of Rights. This is supported when Douglas states “It is not the breaking of his doors, and the rummaging of his drawers, that constitutes the
The particular officer who was responsible was free from any charges, receiving no punishment as their actions were deemed to be ‘unreasonable (Grant - Taylor, 2014)’.
The police violated Wolf’s rights and since there was no warrant for arrest or warrant to search his office the police was trespassing. The police officer who violated his rights was to be punished by his superiors. The judges decided that using such evidence goes completely against the Fourth Amendment which is a basic need to our freedom. States should follow this law but are not directly forced to. States using evidence that should be excluded in their “statute becomes a form, and its protection an illusion,”(Wolf v Colorado, 1949).
As the country started to grow, the power of the Federal Government had also started to grow. The power that the Federal Government had, started to create conflict between the States ' and the Federal Government. By the 19th century, cases started to appear more frequently that challenged States ' rights against the National Government. Around the early 1800s, the major national concern was finical stability. The charter of the Bank of the United States had expired in 1811 and the Democratic-Republican Madison administration and the Republican Congress had failed to renew it.
The Verdict discussed how both cases were attempting to suppress evidence from their cell phones which now contain much more information than they once did. Cases like this continue to shape our rights. The fourth amendment is here to protect ourselves from being incriminated. In modern day the fourth amendment is in question due to new technology.
Colorado (1949). The case details here state that Julius Wolf (the “petitioner”) was convicted by a State court of conspiring to commit abortions based upon evidence allegedly obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment’s search and seizure clause ("Case Brief Wolf v. Colorado," 1949, para. 1). In this case though, the question that was brought forth was, if the states required to exclude illegally seized evidence from trial under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments ("Case Brief Wolf v. Colorado," 1949, para. 1).The case argument was that if evidence was seized illegally in violation of the fourth amendment’s protection, does that violation clearly impede the rights protected under due process, which is the fourteenth amendment. No, due process is not denied when evidence obtained through an illegal search and seizure is admitted by a State court for a State offense.
41. Mapp v. Ohio (1961): The Supreme Court ruling that decided that the fourth amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches and seizures must be extended to the states. If there is no probable cause or search warrant issued legally, the evidence found unconstitutionally will be inadmissible in the courtroom and not even considered when pressing charges. The exclusionary rule, in this case, is a right that will restrict the states and not just the federal government, including the states in more of the federal rights as outlined in the Constitution.