Padding byte stuffing: A technique to hide data in MP3
Abstract: In today’s world, secrecy is of utmost importance in almost all fields. When one needs to share some sensitive information in public networks, it becomes important that information does not go into wrong hands. Here, information security plays a major role. Sensitive information communication can be secured by using either cryptography or steganography. Steganography is a secret communication method for hiding data in some digital media such as images, audio etc. Hiding secret data using audio files as carrier is known as “Audio Steganography”. Moreover, MP3 files being more popular can be good message carriers. With the advancement in digital audio media, many audio steganography
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It is the technique to hide secret message inside a carrier file and is later extracted by its intended receiver. Steganography takes cryptography a step further by hiding an encrypted message so that no one suspects it exists. So any intruder scanning the files in ideal condition can never know about existence of the message. As nobody except the sender and the receiver knows the existence of the message, it does not attract unwanted attention. Information security has two techniques: cryptography and steganography. Difference between these two comes from the fact that cryptography is the study of hiding information, while steganography deals with composing hidden messages. Cryptographic methods try to protect the content of a message, while Steganography uses methods that would hide both the message as well as the …show more content…
These frames consist of a frame header and data block. Frame header contains information about various properties of particular frame such as bitrate, padding bits, CRC etc. Frame header consists of a sync word which indicated the beginning of a frame. Data block of frame contains audio information in terms of frequency and amplitude. MP3 file structure can be better describe with below figure.
MP3 also consist of tags, which contains metadata about the file such as artist name, genre, track length etc. These tags are of two types; ID3V1 and ID3V2. There is no such standardized format defined for tags. ID3V1 tags are appended at the end of file, whereas ID3V2 tags are appended at the start, so navigation is easy. Header of each MP3 frame contains information about frame. So, to know about a frame, we need to locate the frame, an read its header. A frame header is of 4 bytes or 32 bits in length. If we need to represent header in form of characters with each character representing different characterstic of frame, a header can be represented as :
AAAAAAAA AAABBCCD EEEEFFGH IIJJKLMN
Details of these representations are as follows:
Sign Length Description
A 11 Frame
Datatype Description smallint 1 byte is the minimum storage needed int Uses only the bytes that are needed. For example, if a value can be stored in 1 byte, storage will take only 1 byte bigint Uses only the bytes that are needed. For example, if a value can be stored in 1 byte, storage will take only 1 byte decimal This storage is exactly same as the vardecimal storage format datetime Uses the integer data representation by using two 4-byte integers. The integer value represents the number of days with base date of 1/1/1900. The first 2 bytes can represent up to the year 2079.
31. Which level of RAID refers to disk mirroring with block striping? a) RAID level 1 b) RAID level 2 c) RAID level 0 d) RAID level 3 Answer: a 32. A unit of storage that can store one or more records in a hash file organization is denoted as a)
Ever since data is in encrypted format, its probably difficult for attacker to decode it ; but this will ultimately lead to data owner to suffer in one or the other way. 6. In order to solve this problem metadata is stored for each server content into proxy server. 7. Suppose size of data stored in server 1 is 2GB and similarly size of data stored in server2 is 2 GB.
• ICMP; is one of the main rules of the internet protocol suite. It is used by system devices, like router, to send error messages showing, for example, that a demanded service is not offered or that a crowd or router could not be touched. • DHCP; Dynamic host configuration protocol is a customer server rules that repeatedly delivers an internet rules (IP) address and other linked arrangement information such as the subnet mask and avoidance entry. • Bluetooth; Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology that lets people to usefully connect their plans with other policies “and “the character of the technology is developing to not only allow devices to talk with one another, but actually allow the all-in-one communication between devices, native requests and the cloud.” •
Invisible ink is a liquid that is used to send messages that can only be seen when affected with chemicals (dictionary.reference.com). The ink was used to send special messages to others so prying eyes can not see the message. This type of ink has been used for hundreds of years to communicate. Invisible ink was used by Germans during the first World War to communicate with each other to pass on information about England (scientificamerican.com). Invisible ink was also used during the Revolutionary war by both the Brits and Americans (clements.umich.edu).
According to the article “Spy Letters of the American Revolution” and “Spy Techniques of the Revolutionary War” invisible ink contained ferrous sulfate and water. The code would be in the lines of a normal letter and the code was revealed by adding heat to the paper. Ciphers are another way of communicating in the spy world, both the British and Americans used these techniques. Ciphers were coded letters that
I assumed that the word meant being quiet and secretive, because it was information that was best if kept hidden. The Merriam Webster dictionary defines the word “discreet” as “not likely to be seen or noticed by many people”. I think the author
Source music as an element is the music whose genre is called dogme 95. There formally form a source in a film which could be a television set or a radio. They are called source music because they come from a screen source that can be inferred. Structure as an element of film score refers to the way the score was composed to fit a particular that the director was displaying. Music might be played incidental depending in the variation the film is played.
At the end of our presentation we clarified that many music companies breach these laws, however they receive no penalties for doing so (evidence can be found in our script). We presented to a class of year twelves but hope to later present to a mature group of year eleven
For example, your entire class fails a test and your teacher lets you retake it. Since you already know you did badly on the test, you do not want to fail it again. So you cheat your way out of it. You all finish the test without getting caught. Eventually your teacher will find out you cheated.
I. INTRODUCTION Optical camouflage is a active camouflage. The concept is simple. If the background image is projected on the object painted with retro reflective material, it creates invisibility. Digital Video camera, computer,
This would embed the message into a metal cylinder with tin foil wrapped around it. Which could be played back multiple times before causing damage to the tin foil and losing the recorded
These codes can be shown as symbolic, written, audio and technical. Each one of these elements helps to categorised and helps to determine the genre. Conventions are what an audience typically expects from the genre. The producers and directors then in turn use what the audience expect in order to make the genre desired. Narrative conventions are the expected characters, settings, storylines and themes of a particular type of genre.
The word steganography is of Greek origin and means "covered writing" or "concealed writing”, Cryptography and Steganography are ways of secure data transfer over the Internet. Cryptography scrambles a message to conceal its contents; steganography conceals the existence of a message. It is not enough to simply encipher the traffic, as criminals detect, and react to, the presence of encrypted communications. But when information hiding is used, even if an eavesdropper snoops the transmitted object, he cannot
JAYARAJ ANNAPACKIAM CSI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING NAZARETH DEPARTMENT OF ECE - IV PAPER ON OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE (Application to IMAGE PROCESSING) BY, J.IMMANUEL V.JEFRINS E MAIL-ID : immanmilky@gmail.com Jefona47@gmail.com ABSTRACT: The abstract of this paper is the working principle of a Harry Potter-like invisibility cloak.