Petro-Canada’s Impact on the Canadian Economy
Throughout the 1970s, economic relationships and dynamics worldwide in the energy economy experienced rapid changes, resulting in the incredibly volatile and unstable oil price climate. The issue with energy became a widely debated topic between Trudeau’s liberal government and its critics. During these years, the petroleum industry in Canada was dominated by foreign control, which was mostly American. Canadians eventually came to the realization that their energy policies mainly existed to benefit North America, when it should have been to serve their domestic needs. Many national governments around the world have started to adopt state oil companies in hopes of gaining more control and knowledge over oil markets globally. In Canada, however, former Prime Minister Pierre Elliott
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Some might argue that the creation of Petro-Canada gave rise to huge economic growth in Alberta’s energy sector with their investments of tar sands. From other perspectives, however, one might believe it failed, and was destructive to Alberta and the rest of the country. Not only was it unsuccessful in controlling both domestic and foreign oil prices, it also left an irreversible damage on the environment. Brian Mulroney’s Conservative government, for example, criticize that there was little benefit in the low-price controls, taxes, and heavily incentivized explorations for petroleum, as it resulted in over-reliance of gas and oil. Since the recent merger with Suncor Energy, however, the company seems to be transitioning towards a new, more sustainable energy economy, including in the investments of renewable energy. Despite failing to achieve the goals of the NEP, it is undebatable that Petro-Canada has helped fuel the success of the petroleum industry, and remains a distinct symbol of Canadian
Both sides brought up compelling arguments, on the advantages and dangers of drilling for oil in the artic. The side supporting drilling projects in the artic brought up that the artic has a significant amount of oil and oil is in large demand. They also explained that an alternative would be preferred but there is no alternative that can meet to demand of our advancing civilization. Furthermore they put out that drilling in the artic will influence Canada’s economy, it will relocate drilling operations from near civilizations, and the artic is not war torn, there are no diplomatic issues there. They concluded by saying oil will be used throughout our lifetime and the longer we wait the more urgent the situation will get increasing the chance
Clarence did not stop there either. In the 1950’s he was appointed Minister of Trade and Commerce and he focused on expanding different industries such as steel and Canada’s trade. To end his career in politics, C.D. Howe sponsored a Canadian pipeline, with government aid to a private firm. This caused criticism towards the Liberal government, and caused them to lose the next election, including C.D. Howe (5). Clarence Decatur Howe had almost converted the entire Canadian economy by him self, and kept Canada from entering into another depression.
The Physical Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador: By: Rachaele Tuhten With its many diverse landscapes and beautiful views, Newfoundland and Labrador have a stunning and extremely interesting physical geography. Newfoundland is the most eastern part of North America, on the Canadian Shield. This part of the shield is mostly igneous and metamorphic rocks, although sedimentary rocks can be found in the Labrador Trough. The geological landscape of Newfoundland and Labrador is unique, containing some of the oldest rocks in the world, such as the 3.9 billion year old rock in the Torngat Mountains National Park, and is the reason many scientists visit there.
The Economic insights into Seven Canadian Mid-sized Cities and the Lethbridge Herald that summarizes the report are all referring to a boom and bust cycle and how different sectors are impacted by it. The main bust (recession) referenced in this article would be the decline in oil prices as it has affected Albertans significantly. Intensive agriculture, “high inputs of labour, capital, fertilizer and seed per unit of land”, saved Lethbridge from feeling the recession to the same extent as Red Deer for example making it a unique Alberta city (Hayter & Patchell, Economic Geography, p. 216). This essay will look at the trends of three mid-sized cities, Lethbridge, Red Deer and Medicine Hat, in comparison to both Canada and Alberta and see the
While Laurier argued that Canada could complete effectively compete against the United States, popular opinion in either eastern or western Canada was not supportive of entering into free trade with the United States and its larger industrial capacity. As a result support for the Liberals was not as strong as what the Liberals might expect due to the fact that for many Western Canadians the fear of being assimilated into, or overrun by, the greater American population and America's greater industrial base was greater than potentially seeing some economic benefit offered from either reciprocity or a Commercial Union or free trade in any format. According to Baker this played into the Conservatives' hands due to the Liberals' making this the election's central issue because it formed a stark contrast between the Liberals and the Conservatives. The Liberal policy made many Canadians anxious about their political, social and economic futures while the Conservatives offered a clear alternative through allowing Canadians to stay on the same economic policy, and by extension guaranteeing the social and political futures of those who were concerned about the Liberal policy which turned out to be the sizeable majority of the Canadian
Keystone Pipeline How would the Keystone Pipeline help the country through the U.S's economic strain? The Keystone pipeline could prove to play a major role in the survival of the United States. With tensions high in the Middle East and Russia; there is a need for another oil supply should the supply be depleted or withheld. The U.S imports nearly 80% of its oil from foreign countries. This means if these countries were to turn their backs on the U.S, the U.S would be left with 20% of our oil needs.
The environmental argument is coming from a clash over the fact they are basically stripping the canadian boreal forest, the path of the pipeline extends across major aquifers, and pipelines tend to leak and destroy surrounding environments. In addition ccording to The Center for Climate and Energy Solutions State, “epartment’s draft SEIS found that oil from the Canadian oil sands is 17 percent more carbon-intensive than the average oil consumed in the United States... It is estimated that the U.S. greenhouse gas footprint would increase by 3 million to 21 million metric tons per year, or around 0.04 percent to 0.3 percent of the 2010 levels, if Keystone is built. Fortunately on November 6, 2015, President Barack Obama’s administration rejected the Keystone Pipeline XL after 7 years of dispute. As mentioned in the Wall Street Journal, Obama stated “the project would not have lowered gas prices, improved energy security or made a meaningful long-term contribution to the economy
In the years from 1945 – 2000, Canada developed and changed as a nation. These changes had both positive and negative effects and many have subject to controversy throughout Canada. With global crises at hand, such as the Cold War, Canada found itself involved in international affairs in a way it had never been before. The role Canada had to take in the international community greatly developed Canada’s international role. Throughout this, Canada found itself heavily influenced by the US and struggled to keeps its autonomy from American influences and maintain friendly relations with the United States.
Under the assessment and evaluation of current environment situation, the federal government have developed the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change and other collective actions to address climate change. Under the federal consideration of climate change, there exists four pillars including pricing carbon pollution, taking action in each sector of the economy, adapting to climate change and supporting clean technologies, innovation and job creation. As carbon pollution is the majority factor influencing climate in earth, much attention has been put on this area. In order to control the carbon pollution to climate, government will collaborate with the territories and indigenous people to assess the practice of carbon
In response to high oil prices in the late 1970s due to political and military turmoil in the oil producing Middle-east that was crippling the Canadian economy (Ontario and Quebec), Pierre Trudeau 's government implemented the policy in order to regulate oil prices and keep them low. The program had three main goals that included: “reducing Canada 's dependence on foreign oil, by encouraging greater self-sufficiency in domestic supplies; redistributing oil wealth via taxes and resource royalties, from Alberta towards the federal government and consumers; and gaining greater Canadian ownership of the oil industry.” (Bregha,2006). This hurt oil-producing provinces such as Alberta whose economy depends on oil. Because natural resources are a provincial jurisdiction, Alberta felt that the federal government was intruding on what is theirs and stealing their wealth.
In January 2001, six right-wing academics, including Stephen Harper, Tom Flanagan and Ted Morton, released the “Firewall Letter” to Alberta Premier Ralph Klein, outlining what new direction Alberta must take in its relations with the federal government. The letter argued that the Progressive Conservative (PC) government must protect the province from “a misguided and increasingly hostile government in Ottawa” (“Alberta firewall letter”). They urged Klein to use the powers given to him by the Canadian constitution to evict the federal government from the areas which fall under provincial jurisdiction. These suggestions would radically alter the relationship of Alberta with the federal government and change the Alberta political culture (Brownsey
The increased car ownership, also pushed the government to develop more roads, bridges and power systems. In addition, canadian industries stopped using coal to power the factories
“Just watch me”. One of the most popular quotes in all of Canadian history and was said by Canadian Prime Minister, Pierre Elliott Trudeau. His legacy, attitude, and work transformed Canada and still continues to do so. Trudeau was the Prime Minister of Canada, from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1984. Pierre Trudeau changed Canada’s social-political ideology.
Controversy Surrounding the Keystone XL Pipeline To build or not to build, this choice will impact the relationship between the US and Canada and determine the level of dependence the US will have on countries that are not so friendly. “TransCanada’s proposed Keystone XL Pipeline would transport oil sands crude from Canada and shale oil produced in North Dakota and Montana to a market hub in Nebraska for delivery to Gulf Coast refineries. The pipeline would consist of 875 miles of 36-inch pipe with the capacity to transport 830,000 barrels per day” (Parfomak, Pirog, Luther and Vann 4). The construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline would strengthen the United States economy, provide energy security and have minimal environmental impact. “The Keystone XL project would create $1.1 trillion in private capital investment at no
Exxon exercises unique geoscience capabilities and understanding of the global hydrocarbon endowment to identify and prioritize all quality resources in a cost-effective manner. Exxon’s strategy is a cost leadership strategy in the upstream segment by outperforming the competition—creating a comparable value at low-cost—using core competencies: industry-leading technology and capabilities, disciplined approach to investing and cost management, and operations