Group 1: All the elements that were tested from group 1 had a pH level of 12. This meant that all the tested elements produce an alkaline solution. Group one elements readily lose their valence electron as they wish to form a full valence shell this gives them all a low electron affinity. The group one elements have different electronegativity going down the group. Electronegativity of the elements decreases with the increasing the atomic radii. As the size of the radii atomic increased the further away the electron got from the nucleus. This also reduces the electrostatics attraction between the electron and the nucleus which means the electrons becomes more reactive. Therefore the reactions while going doing the list of group 1 elements increase. …show more content…
All group one compounds were soluble, this was due to the reason that all these compounds are ionic compounds and that can form equal positively and negatively charged ions in solution. Water is polar and it can stabilize the positively and negatively charged components of the salts in solution which dissolves the compounds. The pH’s of the salts in solution varied with some producing a pH of approximately 7 and others producing a pH of 11. The difference in the solution pH is due to the strengths of the corresponding bases. Chlorides, Sulphates, Thiosulphates and bicarbonates all produced low pH in solution which suggests that these are weak bases. Carbonates and hydroxides produced a high pH in solution which suggests these are strong …show more content…
All Group two compounds were all white and crystal looking this was due to the reason that all these were salts and mainly all slats are white crystal looking. The pH levels of the compounds diverse from approx. 7 to some of the alkaline solution producing a pH of 10. The difference in the pH levels is due to the alkalinity or acidity of the corresponding bases. Sulphates, Chlorides all had relatively low pH’s suggesting that all these bases are weak bases. All Hydroxides and Carbonate bases had a high pH level which suggests these are strong bases. Some group’s two compounds were soluble however some compounds were not soluble. This was due to the reason that some bases were weaker or stronger, for instance sulphates bases have low pH’s so it would be a weak base and therefore soluble like verse hydroxides bases have high pH levels so it would be a more strong base and therefore would be in soluble. Group 1 & 2 compound comparison: Both group 1 & 2 compounds looked similar; this was due to the reason that all these compounds were salts which are usually white crystal shaped. The pH’s of both group 1 and group 2 compounds were all above 7, this is because all the compounds are relatively acidic. Despite this were not many similarities in group one and group two compounds, this could be due to the reason that group one compounds formed +1 ion whereas group 2 compounds formed +2 ions which made
Discussion 1. Zn0 (s)+ Cu2+S6+O42-(aq) →Cu0(s) + Zn2+S6+O42-(aq) Zn0(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e- Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu0(s) Zn0(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu0(s) Oxidant (oxidizing agent) is the element which reduces in experiment.
Cadet Eric Wiggins Date: 18 September 2014 Course Name: Chem 100 Instructor: Captain Zuniga Section: M3A Identification of a Copper Mineral Intro Minerals are elements or compounds that are created in the Earth by geological processes. The method of isolating metals in a compound mineral is normally conducted through two processes.
4.) I noticed that there is a relationship between the ionic radius and the atomic number of the representative elements in Group 1A. The higher the atomic number, the bigger the ionic radius is. So, while hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 and Francium has an atomic number of 87, it is safe to assume that FR has a higher ionic radius. This is true; the ionic radius for Hydrogen is 0.012, and for Francium, it is 0.194.
Task 1 (P1) The periodic table is laid out into groups and periods. They are also put into different blocks S-Block, D-Block, P-block and F-Block due to their energy levels. They are organised by their energy levels and chemicals properties. As the elements go along the periods in the periodic table the electronegativity increases but as the elements go down the groups the electronegativity decreases.
Exercise 1 1. Suppose a household product label says it contains sodium hydrogen carbonate (sodium bicarbonate). Using your results from Data Table 1 as a guide, how would you test this material for the presence of sodium bicarbonate? B BoldI ItalicsU Underline Bulleted list Numbered list Superscript Subscript33 Words
I organized four different tests; pH paper, alkalinity tests, the number of rocks neutralizing acid, and the number of rocks that don’t neutralize acid. The average for pH paper was seven. The pH is the numeric scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. The pH scale measures acidity and alkalinity. the pH scale goes from zero, which is an acid reading, to fourteen, which is an alkaline reading.
Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.
Later on the color changed to green, which indicated the pH was 8.0. Then when we tested the pH with the pH strips they both showed the pH as being 5.0. After that, we added HCl or stomach acid and both drugs dissolved and were soluble. We tested the pH and it dropped to 1.0. They both turned a brownish-yellow when the iron nitrate was added and no other pain reliever or antacid looked like those two.
In this lab, we tested 8 known ingredients to find what ingredients was in our unknown A and unknown B medications. We first tested the water solubility of our knowns and unknowns. We found that of the knowns, cornstarch and acetaminophen were the only ones not water soluble. The unknowns were also not water soluble. Th next test was the pH test.
Forces and Newton II Elias Ghantous PHYS 151 – Section NQ Thursday 10:10am Hasbrouck Lab Room 214 October 13, 2017 Abstract In this experiment, I studied how forces cause an object to accelerate. I also studied the relationship between force vectors, mass and acceleration. Gathering of data took place through the use of a force table and a PAScar track system.
If more number of vacant ‘d’ orbitals are present then there may be difficulty for dehydrogenation process because gases are strongly chemisorbed. VIII group elements contain one e- in their vacant ‘d’ orbital. This is called electronic factor of elements. Second condition is metal atoms should have spaced and ordered arrangement.
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Substances Lab Report Introduction The purpose of this lab was to determine which of the following substances: wax, sugar, and salt, are an ionic compound and which are a covalent compound. In order to accurately digest the experiments results, research of definitions of each relating led to the following information: ionic compounds are positive and negatively charged ions that experience attraction to each other and pull together in a cluster of ionic bonds; they are the strongest compound, are separated in high temperatures, and can be separated by polar water molecules. A covalent compound forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons; covalent compounds are also
Meyer stated if each element is arranged in order of their atomic weights, and fall into groups of similar chemical and physical properties. If the atomic weights were plotted as ordinates and the atomic volumes as abscissae, the curve obtained a series of maxima and minima. The most electropositive elements appear at the peak of curve in order of their atomic weights. One contribute Meyer had was the concept that carbon atoms in benzene were arranged in a ring. Except, he didn’t propose the alternation of single and double bonds, that was included later in a structure by August
Strong acids and strong bases are strong electrolytes and are assumed to ionize completely in the presence of water. Weak acids however, only ionize to a limited extend in water. Any weak or strong acids when in contact with any weak or strong alkali will start to undergo neutralization regardless of their volume. When an indicator which is present in the acid-base mixture and have experienced colour change, it indicates that the mixture is in right proportions to neutralize each other and is also known as the equivalence point.
Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining.