Marina's Gate Control Theory

“Pain” by Diane Ackerman is a story about pain. The author describes how people can withstand pain, and how difficult it is to define pain “which may be sharp, dull, shooting, throbbing, imaginary” (301). Culture and tradition are very important on people lives. Therefore, many of them do incredible things, in Istanbul for example “teenage boys dressed in shiny silk fezzes and silk suits decorated with glitter” (300), or in Bali people “go into trances and pick up red-hot cannonballs from an open fire, than carry them down the road” (298). This is just couple examples of controlling our body.

She states that, “Now I stretch and I consciously feel how far I can go. Its a matter of consciousness. But I needed the injury before I could do that” (Aarten, 2005). Sometimes, the body makes its presence

People sympathize with pain. When people watch the painful situation, they don’t feel the pain exactly, but they can sympathize the pain. The brain activate same as you are feeling the pain when you imagining the pain of others. The test tells that imaging pain activate the brain to create the pain and sympathize it. I believe the mental affect the body in so many different ways.

Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Encouraged? For several years, physicians and patients have argued that a legal form of suicide should be legalized. Many of the patients who support this idea are in critical condition and for many of the physicians, this is their last resort. While some support this idea, others argue that this is not a logical stance to take. The concept that has swept and divided the nation is perceived as “Assisted Suicide”.

The pain is usually induced between visual feedback and proprioceptive representations of the amputated limb (Witt et al, 2007). Dr. Tsao has discovered that this technique decreased the phantom pain – pain felt in the area which a limb has been amputated due to messages sent to the brain of the nerve

He notices some of the patients have reflex reactions where they can respond in uncommon ways to certain stimuli such as catching a ball. He has determined to find out ways to improve the quality of his patients’ life more than just keep this mysterious group of patients

There are symbolic of pain: breathing independent of vocalization, negative vocalization, facial expression, body language and lastly is consolability. For using this pain assessment tools, nurse has to observed the advanced demented patient both at rest and during activity with or with treatment. For each of the five components select the score (0,1, 2) that demonstrated on the patient’s behaviour. Added the score in each component then giving a total maximum score of 10. The score range from 0 to 10 indicated higher number showed more severe pain.

Some nociceptive afferent input also sprouts into the Lamina II of the dorsal horn of spinal cord (which respond to noxious stimulation).which results in increased neuronal activity, expansion of neuronal receptive field and hyperexcitibility of other region. This process is called central sensitization. Sensitization of dorsal horn neuron is mediated by the increased activity of NMDA receptor and release of glutamate and neurokinins. The stump or phantom pain is evoked by repetitive stimulation of the stump the phenomenon is known as “windup phenomenon” in which there is up regulation of the receptors in the respective

Lecture today was very eye opening moment for me since I suffered a lot with chronic pain which was caused by a sports injury. Even though my back injury happened about 11 years ago but I still struggle with the chronic pain and how my body was influenced at the moment but still gives me problem sometimes. It’s great to be reminded how trauma can affect our body not only at the moment of injury but also long life. Such a basic review of autonomic system “fight and flight system” in our body play an important role in functions of systems in the body. In addition, basically, autonomic system drives us during the day.

She proves this by stating the fact that pain can be perceived without it being applied, as in you don’t need to experience the C-fiber stimuli to recognize the sensation of pain. “And it is the sensation itself, not the cause, which is most obviously a mental state.” (Gertler, 304). Gertler’s most obvious

Mrs Jones physical shows she had a hip operation thereby causing her pain, reducing her mobility and access to her occupation and engagement. Additionally she has difficulty in weight bearing on her right leg due to her operation and experiencing muscle weakness causing her limited endurance and strength when walking and transferring. Cognition: It was documented the patient experienced post-operative confusion, memory loss, difficulty following and understanding post hip surgery caution. Affective (mood): Patient experienced low mood and lacks confidence walking due to her illness, this has impacted on her emotion.

Meditation as Medication in Buddhism Meditation is the act of the individual being able to focus their mind for a certain time period by either chanting for their religion or spiritual reasons as a way of relaxation. Meditation dates back thousands of years, possibly as early as the ancient times. Siddhartha, better known as the Buddha, proclaimed that suffering is nothing more than just an abstract and it can be lessened through self-awareness. Meditation is very renown in Buddhism and it is a common practice still taught today.

Pain is a common reason for patients to enter heath care setting like personality where very many big personalities do with being stoic in order not to be perceived as weak. Some cultures allow expression of pain like the middle easterners

Some people experience acute pain that may come suddenly and can be treated, but some may experience chronic pain that will makes your life miserable especially when it uncontrolled. As healthcare professionals, we must analyze cultural values and

This may help explain why patients experience PLP. Nurses have an important role in managing pain control because they have more contact with patients who are experiencing pain than any other healthcare professionals. (Fieldsen & Wood, 2011). Several theories emerge to the pathophysiology of phantom limb pain, including cortical reorganization or neuroplasticity (Virani et al, 2014; Hunter, Katz & Davis, 2008; Anwar, 2013; Hill, 1999), Proprioceptive memory theory (Virani et al, 2014), and peripheral theories. (Virani et al, 2014; Anwar, 2013).