Garcerine Synthesis

METHOD: The following procedure was taken from the 2017 Millsaps College lab manual.1 The experiment was split into two parts, part A and part B. Part A was to find the heat capacity while part B determined the specific heat of an unknown metal. This was the final goal of the lab. To start, a temperature probe had to be connected to a LabQuest2 data collection device. 100.0 mL of deionized had to be added into a Styrofoam cup.

We were given that a good solvent for recrystalizing trimyristin was acetone. Acetone was heated on a steam bath and added to the crude trimyristin to completely dissolve it. The solution was immediately cooled so that the trimyristin crystals formed in a mother liquor of impurities. The crystals vacuum filtered through a Büchner funnel and rinsed with ice cold acetone so only the impurities dissolved and pure crystals were left in the funnel. To finish, we dried the pure trimyristin crystals using a high vacuum pump, and 0.1470g remained with a 3.674% recovery from nutmeg, and a 15.186% recovery from crude

As a result, slight time measurement errors might have occurred that consequentially impaired the results. These errors could be avoided in future repetitions of this experiment by curbing the quantity of oxygen that is combined with the magnesium, as well as keeping the lid of the crucible open at all times, so as to continuously observe the substance inside, without threatening to potentially subvert any other

The powder on the filter paper could've fell and this caused it to have a smaller percent purity, percent yield and also cause a lower absorbance and concentration of pure ASA. Another error would be not using a properly dried sample for the pure ASA in part C when making the crystals, this could have cause tye percent yield error. This would make a lower melting point. To prevent this from occurring next time there could be a dry sample that is completely dry and this would not alter the mass of the sample and this would make the solution have a more

Extraction of β-caryophyllene Ground cloves will be used to isolate β-caryophyllene via steam distillation. 5g of ground cloves will be taken in a 500mL RBF(Round bottom flask) with boiling stones, 40mL of dH2O, and 3 to 4 drops of an antifoaming agent (to prevent violent boiling). Then, the contents of the flask will be heated on a heating mantle for an hour and followed by condensation of the distillate through a water jacket. Then allow it to collect in a graduated cylinder. Steam distillation will allow the clove oil to co-distill with the water, which take place at a least temperature than the boiling temperature of the individual solutions.

The substitution reaction was successful but not fully effective. 19. If the data was inconclusive, then comparing various compounds and the unknown based on physical characteristics would be the first step, titrations would also be a good method. 20. To get a better yield, redoing the experiment would require careful attention in the recrystallization steps: amount of solvent used, how hot solvent is, if the mixture cools to room temperature before placing it in an ice

To purify and isolate trimyristin from a nutmeg, the sample of nutmeg was mixed and refluxed with dichloromethane before isolating and purifying the trimyristin through vacuum filtration and recrystallization. After refluxing the solution of dichloromethane and nutmeg, an intense amber colored solution was recovered. Through the process of vacuum filtration and recrystallization, a white, powdery and clumpy sample of solid trimyristin was collected. Of the 8.004 grams of nutmeg utilized in the experiment, 2.399 grams of trimyristin was collected after recrystallization, resulting in a 29.97% recovery in the experiment. By conducting a melting point experiment, the melting point for our extract of trimyristin was most accurately determined to be 50.3℃ - 51.6℃.

Some drugs also contain caffeine or buffering agents which can be considered impurities. The percent recovery is stated as 38.22%, which directly correlates with the melting point shown in table 2. The higher percent recovery would result in a lower melting point, due to the fact that there would be a larger amount of impurities in the final

Leaves containing water-soluble elements were boiled and turned from the solid phase into the liquid phase, boiling water. The calcium carbonate was added to form insoluble calcium salts with the tannins and gallic acid so that after vacuum filtration they would be removed. The sodium chloride salt was added after the vacuum filtration in order to raise the polarity of the water, making less amount of molecules soluble in it. This is because the salt takes the part of the space in water and many compounds become insoluble and are pushed out by the salt.

Materials 1 calibrated thermometer, 1 scale that reads mass, 2 Styrofoam cups, 1 small lead sinker, boiling water in a beaker, 1 pair of kitchen tongs, 1 small cooking pot, stove top, distilled water, and 1 pair of safety goggles (I did not use a cork stopper). III. Procedure First, the beaker

In Experiment One we will be recrystallizing Benzoic Acid from water. In Experiment Two we will be recrystallizing Benzoic Acid using a solvent pair made up of Methanol and Water. The Seven step process of recrystallization consists of adding a solid organic substance into a solvent, then dissolving the chosen solute, decolorizing the solution, filtering solids, then recrystallize the solute by slowly cooling

Furthermore, this compound has the density 1.244 which conveys that it is denser than water. As comparison, It’s melting point range from 157℃ up until

Pectin is used for many food products on the market today such jams, jellies and fruit juices. It is also used for functional purposes as well it is used as an emulsifier, stabiliser and thickening agent in food. In the traditional extraction process of pectin is using hot water between the temperatures of 60–100°C that has also been acidified with a mineral acid such as sulphuric, phosphoric, nitric, and hydrochloric or citric acid within the pH 1.5–3 for a half an hour to six hours. This process is very time consuming and with a product that is degrading fast which then leads to the pectin degrading. Which means the traditional way of heating extraction has both quantitative and qualitative disadvantages for pectin extraction.

Extraction is the process of separating substance from one phase by another phase. It is often used as one of the steps in isolating a product of an organic reaction. A separatory funnel would be used for the isolation from the mixture. A solvent will be used to remove or isolate a compound of interest from a liquid substance. In most cases, water was used as the solvent to the reaction mixture to dissolve the inorganic compound.

Solvents hexane, heptane, and methanol have been selected to be used during the experiments. 3.2. Equipment A soxhlet extractor will be used to extract essential oils from the plant material (solid-liquid extraction). A flask will be used to hold the solvents and a condenser will be used to condense the solvent and essential oil mixture.