Endemic Typhus Research Paper

The Army went to great lengths to safeguard the health of its prisoners as mandated in the Geneva Convention. Of immediate concern was preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Shortly after arriving at his first POW camp in America, each prisoner received a complete physical exam. It included vaccinations against smallpox, typhoid, paratyphoid, and tetanus. At least once a month thereafter, Army medical corps officers inspected the prisoners for communicable diseases and vermin infestation.67 At Camp Cooke, POWs with minor medical problems were treated at the camp infirmary.

During WWII close to 400,000 people were taken to Warsaw Ghetto, a 1.3 square mile space where disease and hunger was abundant. It was constructed with "10-foot-high walls topped with barbed wire" (Lowellmilkencenter.org). Nazi guards surrounded the entire Ghetto shooting anyone who attempted to escape. Anyone who survived living there would be sent to Treblinka Concentration Camp, where they would be killed. No Jews ever came out alive from that place.

This lead to malnutrition and death because of the low food quality. Diseases were rampant around the camp. Dysentery, malaria dropsy, diarrhea, scurvy, consumption, bronchitis, pneumonia, and smallpox were common causes of death among the camp(Kohn). The diseases made the conditions even worse because sick prisoners would spread diseases and lower the bar for living conditions. These diseases were probably contracted because the river used for drinking was often clogged up with feces and other waste.

In total, over 600,000 soldiers lost their lives in battle and to disease. While many soldiers anticipated the honorable death of dying on the field, there were twice as many soldiers that died from disease in the camp as that that died in battle. During the 19th century, medicine was relatively primative, and the lack of the germ theory or knowledge of antiseptic resulted in rapid disease spreading. Lack of general resources such as adequate clothes, nutrition, clean water, and santitary stations also contributed to the spread of common diseases like measles, typhoid fever, and malaria. Most commonly, soldiers suffered from diarheia and disentary, which combined with lack of clean water resulted in many cruel deaths.

Camp Atlanta housed around four thousand prisoners compared to other camps in Nebraska that contained only around three thousand. Of all the camps in the United States (U.S.), Camp Atlanta had the lowest death rate; although, there was still a lot of disease. Malaria was a common disease in the camp at one time, so there were a lot of lab tests that had to be done.

Many children of the camps were known as a number. One child, the father of Michael and Debbie Bornsteid, said that he remembers that the clothes that they were given were falling off of them, and that their bodies were decaying yet they were still living. He had said something about him remembering seeing people die from gas chambers, torture buildings and whipping stones. Honestly could not imagine seeing this. Many children had a disease called “hunger diarrhea”.

The lack of basic hygiene was a very large issue around this time. The living conditions at the camps were disgusting, with piled up garbage and rotten

“Typhoid Mary: Captive to the Public’s Health” was written by Judith Walzer Leavitt, a historian whose careful research and talented writing gave rise to one of the most well-known accounts of Typhoid Mary’s life. The focus of the book, as its very title suggests, is on Mary Mallon, the young woman whose individual rights to freedom were sacrificed for the public’s health and safety. Born in Ireland, Mary Mallon moved to New York as a teenager and soon became a domestic cook serving in wealthy American households. Unfortunately, the epidemic of typhoid fever was spreading like wildfire through the homes, including the ones where Mallon worked. When the disease hit the household of the banker Charles Warren, the family hired the sanitary engineer George Soper who was well-known for his ‘shoe-leather’ investigations.

Concentration camps is where u went for labor work and death. The worst camp was Auschwitz. Surviving Auschwitz was just by luck. However, several

Medical Experiments during the Holocaust The holocaust, lasting from 1933 to 1945, became known as one of the most disturbing affairs in history. During this time period not only were six million Jew’s murdered, but many people from different minority groups were killed as well. They were brought to German concentration camps, where they were prisoners in very harsh conditions.

Endemic typhus is sometimes called "jail fever”

Over 11 million civilians were murdered in between the time period of January 30, 1933 to May 8, 1945. These innocent people were murdered in various, inhumane ways such as firing line, terrible living conditions, gassing with the use of carbon dioxide and Zyklon B, and forcing people to work until death. The Holocaust is one of, if not the darkest time in the history of human life on Earth. Many people committed suicide or suicide by guard because they did not and could not stand the conditions they were forced to live in. Most knew what their fate was and when it came time for them to meet their fate, they would kill themselves or have guards kill them.

Elie Wiesel Wiesel had to overcome many adversities such as death, cruelty, and starvation. These adversities made Elie Wiesel become the man he is today; he is truly a humanitarian. Elie Wiesel was born in Sighet, Transylvania, on September 30th, 1928. He was 15 when he and his family where sent to a camp by the Nazi’s, seperating him and his father from his mother and sisters. His mother and younger sister were murdered, his two older sisters survived; as did he, and his father died shortly after the both of them were sent to Buchenwald.

They were given very little food, and the food they were given was usually rotten or infested with creatures like maggots. Water was a similar problem. It was just plain dirty. As a result of these horrific settings, most, if not all, POWs had an illness like dysentery, beriberi, pellagra, ulcers, pneumonia, or diphtheria. Even with these diseases, prisoners were expected to work, or they would receive half their already meager food rations for the day.

and they wanted everyone to be equal. If you were caught by them you were put in concentration camps and either put to work or you would be killed. When Anne sister named Margot got this letter stating for her to go in a concentration camp her family went into hiding from then on she never had a normal life. One day she was hanging out at school with her best friend Jopie and the next she could