Cartesian Dualism Analysis

In Lonely Souls: Causality and Substance Dualism, Jaegwon Kim argues againist Cartesian dualism which are the main argument points that Cartesian dualism cannot reasonably explain just how two things so all in all different as unextended souls and extended bodies can casually interact. Cartesian dualism is developt on properties can be divided into two which they are mental, such as wishing anything or being in pain while physical properties are being in certain weight, shape or mass. No intimate association between physical and mental properties condensed of identity; therefore, Jaegwon supports that whereever we find a mental property that is logically sufficient for a physical effect. Related to his argument topics Jaegwon reassess the

I think therefore I am, translates as I think of God in reality and therefore He is. This introduces the question of whether a universal I can be found. Descartes is able to clarify the true source from which feelings and thoughts can come from, which he says is the I. This

The human body has always been idealized in society. From cultural expectations to body image stereotypes, women of all centuries have struggled with the need to fit the idealized mold of the prefect wife, adoring mother, and even the ideal woman. Renée Cox, a photo and mixed media artist, is one of the most controversial women to incorporate the body into her work today. In Cox’s work Hott-En-Tot (Robertson 107), Cox shows the relationship between her own culture and the stereotypes that it projects onto the body.

What are the social forces that shape human bodies and bodily experiences? How did these forces vary over time and how much have our bodies changed from historical time periods based on time and place compared to modern human bodies today. I love Milan Kings definition of the body. "She believes our body is a container and expression of itself and object social control and the repository shifting race, gender, and factual categories". Our bodies should be valued and treated with care!

In the sixth meditation, Descartes postulates that there exists a fundamental difference in the natures of both mind and body which necessitates that they be considered as separate and distinct entities, rather than one stemming from the other or vice versa. This essay will endeavour to provide a critical objection to Descartes’ conception of the nature of mind and body and will then further commit to elucidating a suitably Cartesian-esque response to the same objection. (Descartes,1641) In the sixth meditation Descartes approaches this point of dualism between mind and matter, which would become a famous axiom in his body of philosophical work, in numerous ways. To wit Descartes postulates that he has clear and distinct perceptions of both

Seen with the Cartesian idea of ‘I think, therefore I am” which is alarmingly a prevalent and an established belief in philosophy. But upon further inspection, the proposition “I think, therefore I am” is something that we could make sense of within a Buddhist framework. Assume Descartes’ ‘I’ is the five skandhas, the ‘I’ (or the fives skandhas) are causing an illusory effect which lead to the assumption of transient, tentative existence. Using radical reductionism, we cannot assume the existence of the world as we know it because the world as we know it is a product of the five skandhas. Therefore, any concept of “I’ we hold is illusory in nature, caused by the five

When I try to conceive of the self, I do not think of the mind but bodily behaviour, i.e. physical displays of anger. If we cannot gain an impression of the mind, then we cannot possess an idea of the self. The assertion that Descartes has a clear and distinct perception that he is “... a thinking thing” is therefore made redundant and his conceivability argument is

On the many letters that Elisabeth Queen of Bohemia wrote to Descartes she questions how dualism can have effect on the body and questions if the body and soul are really separate entities. On the letters Elisabeth describes how her emotional distress also has negative effects on her body. How depression although a state of mind can make her body feel tired and even be in pain. Although he agrees with the doctors in one occasion that Elisabeth’s fever can be cured with exercise and proper diet he mentions that for her to really feel better she needs to heal her soul.

René Descartes (1596-1650) was a French philosopher that developed epistemology, the theory that one should know how one knows something instead of just knowing what they know. He also encouraged the questioning of everything and rejecting scholastic knowledge as the complete and utmost truth unless it is supported by clear evidence. He influenced many people with his ideas, including François Poulain de la Barre. François Poulain de la Barre (1647-1725) was a writer, Cartesian and feminist philosopher. The Collins English Dictionary (2014) defines a Cartesian is of or relating to the works of René Descartes.

Rene Descartes statement, “I think, therefore, I am” laid the foundation for his Cogito Argument in the Mediations. Throughout his groundwork we come to interpret that “I think, whatever thinks, must exists, so I exist, and whatever exists is a thing, so I exist as a

Male domination of other humans and nature is one of the major arguments in ecofeminism. The domination of men is established through certain patriarchal set patterns that prevail in society. One such societal framework that elevates men and masculinity and devalues female, femininity, nature and other subordinated humans with respect to class, race, and gender is dualism. J. E. Cirlot (2001) in his A Dictionary of Symbols defines dualism as “any system which implies a binary pattern, but which is characterized less by a complementary thesis and antithesis tending to resolve into a synthesis than by two opposed principles ” (p. 90). Dualism is a “denied dependency on a subordinated other” (p. 41), says Val Plumwood (2003) in her book, Feminism

Scheper-Hughes wrote a paper with Margret Lock describing the body in three perspectives: the individual body, social body, and political body. The individual body is explained as the “lived experiences of the body-self” (Scheper-Hughes and Lock 7). The social body is representative of “a natural symbol with which to think about nature, society, and culture” (Scheper-Hughes and Lock 7). The body politic refers to the “regulation, surveillance, and control of bodies… in reproduction and sexuality, in work and leisure, in sickness and other forms of deviance and human difference” (Scheper-Hughes and Lock 8). Lock and Scheper-Hughes highlight that bodies are more than just biological because they carry social meaning as well.

Due to the various interpretations of the human body, it has been a controversial point of discussion in society. Certain people regard the body as a shell for what lies inside, some view it as a canvas, and others consider it a limitation. The list could go on and on. An amalgam of significant factors come into play with how people perceive the body, and because so many views encompass the notion of what “is” or “is not” the body, an amplitude of representations of it have surfaced in the art world. Corps étranger, a video installation piece by Mona Hatoum, is a wonderful portrayal of the body that takes into consideration both social and cultural issues.

This paper shows how the female body is associated with

Although body image is a complex and multifaceted construct, encompassing at least perceptual, affective, cognitive and possibly behavioral aspects of body experience (Cash & Pruzinsky, 1990), in contemporary Western society the major focus has been on the body’s appearance, in particular on body shape and weight. What was stated above is not something that cause surprise as long as nowadays, society, states women’s beauty in a specific way and give with a lot of emphasis the desire of thinness which is something ideal for every woman but is not so easy to achieve (Wiseman, Gray, Mosimann, & Ahrens, 1992). The term body image is mostly used to refer to the feelings and attitudes that people have about the way their bodies look. Although