BS1003 – Organic Chemistry Practical 1 Laboratory Report Name: Tristan Chan Yew Kit, U1640436J (T8) Effects of Dichloromethane(DCM) in Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Purpose To investigate the ability for Dichloromethane(DCM), a moderately polar organic solvent, to extract aqueous caffeine molecules, originating from Tea Leaves suspended in water. Introduction Caffeine, defined chemically as 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (C8H10N4O2), is an alkaloid that can be found in tea leaves, coffee and many other plant species. The amount of caffeine in dry tea leaves varies from 2-5% between different species of plants. Caffeine has uses in the medicinal industry, with the ability to act as a vasodilator, diuretic, and aid in stimulation of the central …show more content…
Reflux condensation was performed with use of a heating mantle and retort stand. A total of 20 minutes was allocated for reflux, starting when the mixture first began signs of boiling(T0), to when the allocation of time was depleted(T20). The mixture was filtered into a 50mL conical flask, and 10mL of 100°C water. The extract was subsequently allowed to cool to room temperature, and decanted into a separating funnel. Liquid-Liquid (Polar-Nonpolar) extraction of DCM In a fume hood, 8.0mL of DCM was added to the separating funnel, capped and gently mixed. The cap was released periodically to prevent build-up of pressure within the funnel. The immiscible liquids were allowed to separate. Emulsions formed within the funnel were gently removed with use of a thin glass rod. DCM in the lower layer was drained into a clean and dry 50mL conical flask. The entire process was repeated twice …show more content…
Further purification steps post extraction could be carried out to further increase the purity of caffeine. For example, crude caffeine could be washed again with DCM and recrystallized to further remove any impurities, which was not included in this experiment. This method of extracting caffeine ultimately produces less than ideal quantities and qualities of caffeine, and hence can be optimized to obtain purer caffeine in higher yields. The experimental design was to demonstrate the ability for DCM to extract caffeine, which supports the original hypothesis. References [1] " Caffeine Extraction From Green Tea Leaves Assisted By High Pressure Processing ". Sciencedirect.com. N. p., 2016. Web. 10 Sept. 2016. [2] "TOXNET". Toxnet.nlm.nih.gov. N. p., 2016. Web. 10 Sept. 2016. [3] Tadelech Atomssa and A.V. Gholap. "Characterization of caffeine and determination of caffeine in tea leaves using uv-visible spectrometer." African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 5.1 (2011): 1-8. [4] O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p.
In “Java Man,” Malcolm Gladwell insists upon the importance and reliance that humans have on caffeine, and he states that “there is no drug quite as effortlessly adaptable as caffeine” (248). He highlights the significance of caffeine by revealing the history and using claims from popular advertisements such as Coca-Cola, historical figures like Paul Erdös, and scientific facts of how caffeine effectively works in humans’ bodies. Not only does Gladwell shares historical context, he also conveys a humorous tone and uses compelling evidence. By showing the significance of caffeine, Gladwell dates back to the eighteenth century to show how caffeine has affected people throughout history. First, the author uses a Coca-Cola advertisement from the
The dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol takes place at the bottom of the Hickman still. As the Hickman still heats up within the sand bath, the products evaporate and travel higher up in the still where they condense into a liquid and fall within the collection ring, thus separating the product from the remaining water. Drierite (CaSO4) is also added as a drying agent to absorb any leftover water within the product. The purity of the product will then be analyzed with infrared spectroscopy, paying attention to OH peak if it is present. Chemical Reactions: Data and Observations: Material Volume Mol.
It is absorbed through the stomach and reaches the highest level in the bloodstream after one or two hours. Caffeine reaches the brain quickly and acts as a stimulant for the nervous system. The most noticeable effect of caffeine is alertness. It causes us to feel less tired, so it is a main ingredient in medicines designed to prevent exhaustion.
Typical applications pertain to the quantitative and/or qualitative analysis of food composition, natural products, food additives, flavor and aroma components, a variety of transformation products, and contaminants, such as pesticides, fumigants, environmental pollutants, natural toxins, veterinary drugs, and packaging materials. And particular food applications involving GC, such as carbohydrates and amino acids. Lipids and accompanying lipophilic compounds. flavors and aroma. GC can be used for the direct separation and analysis of gaseous samples, liquid solutions, and volatile solids.
CLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.
The solvent was removed using a rotary evaporator. The melting point was estimated. The obtained mass of caffeine was measured. The percentage yield based on the amount of tea originally used was calculated. 2) Purification of caffeine by sublimation
Caffeine present in the cup of coffee has a direct impact on the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A daily dose of caffeine increases the Ca2+ concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to a certain extent, which in turn strengthens the contraction of the heart muscle (Klein et al., 1990). This allows the heart to do the same amount of work without working as hard as it usually
Hello ladies and gentlemen, My name is Abdulla and I am going to present the benefits of using energy drinks. With today’s tiring pace of life some people feel the need for a boost of energy to accomplish their tasks and get through the day. The caffeine in coffee may provide this jolt of energy, but it takes time to brew a cup of coffee. It is faster and easier to grab an energy drink to get a quick shot of energy.
Caffeine is a chemical found naturally in few plants all over the world. From these plants it is processed into its pure form and then put into other things such as soda, energy drinks, tea, and pills. Energy drinks and soda are some of the most widely marketed products in the world, even though they contain the highest concentration of caffeine outside of pure caffeine supplements. It is a stimulant that affects everyone in strange but semi predictable ways. Research has been done on this topic since the 1920’s and many different conclusions have been reached.
INTRODUCTION Energy Drink is the beverages which “make you more alert and give you energy”. It consists of the ingredients like caffeine, sugar, taurine, vitamins and herbs, typically consumed during or after sporting activity or as a way of overcoming tiredness. The energy drink has been attributed to many psychological and physiological effects. Psychological effects includes about the central ingredient of energy drink caffeine which is also found in tea and coffee derived from the kola nut.
It is also known as 1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione or 1, 3,7-trimethylxanthine by IUPAC nomenclature system. Despite caffeine and caffeic acid share almost the same name, both of them is not related because of difference in functional group and molecular structure. In human body, caffeine is rapidly absorbed from alimentary system into the circulatory system, which will be transported via blood plasma. Half-life of caffeine is averaged from 2.5 hours to 4.5 hours, yet varied differently from person to person, Ruxton (2009). In medical field, caffeine is used for several treatments for several types of diseases.
“Caffeine can help athletes perform better at endurance exercises of short and long durations.” It also reduces muscle pain and weariness. Vitamin B2, vitamin B5, manganese, potassium, magnesium, and niacin are needed nutritious substance, and coffee is a source to supply these substances. Coffee is also the largest source of antioxidants, an excellent weapon, which can fight against the harming effects impact of the sun light and delay appearance of wrinkles. Moreover, coffee consumers are surely very happy to know that they acquire an amount of antioxidants from coffee which is larger than combining both fruits and vegetable.
Caffeine is a substance that is found not only in coffee, but other beverages and foods like tea, energy drinks, chocolate, and in various seeds, fruits and leaves of plants. Although studies have found that coffee and tea have many chemical components with beneficial effects, one of these components, caffeine has earned a bad reputation with some people because of its stimulant effects. Some people crave it, while others avoid it. There are many reasons for people to love or hate caffeine, but not many people know the truth about it.
1. In the article One Life, “Scientists have identified approximately one thousand antioxidants in unprocessed coffee beans, and hundreds more develop during the roasting process” (Jong, 2014). 2. Antioxidants help fight inflammation and protect our cells from harmful damage.
The scientists have proved that the green coffee is packed with vital elements that are extremely helpful to the mankind. The green coffee is effective in reducing the problem of obesity, which is a major concern to our health , as it can cause metabolic breakdown and results in many diseases of metabolic origin as if Diabetes Mellitus. However, the chemical compounds in the green coffee effectively control and eliminate the threat of obesity by working on our body to effectively reduce the fat in our body. In addition, the compounds of the green coffee effectively acting on our body to act on each cell of our body and balance all of the imbalances in our