Ojibwe in Minnesota
Author Anton Treuer wrote Ojibwe in Minnesota in 2010. This book encompassed information about the Ojibwe tribe and how they migrated to Minnesota. The book also includes the Ojibwe involvement in the fur-trade era, the life of the Ojibwe in Minnesota (both past and the present), as well as current community and activism in Minnesota. These are topics that I will discuss in this paper are all ones that I found most interesting within Treuer’s book. Within the topics reviewed in this paper, the reader can gain a good insight as to who the Ojibwe people were and are.
Origins and Migration of Ojibwe to Minnesota
The Ojibwe tribe’s ancestors originated about three to four thousand years ago on the Atlantic coast of the
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In 1924, the Ojibwe people became U.S. citizens with the passage of the Indian Citizenship Act (Treuer 60). Even been granted U.S. citizenship, most Ojibwe people still saw themselves as tribal citizens first and foremost. Some see themselves as dual citizens, both Ojibwe and American citizens. Many Ojibwe people still practice old Ojibwe ways with tribal elections and tend to abstain from participating in voting in municipal, state, and federal elections. The Ojibwe’s interest and trust are within their own tribal governments and some do not want anything to do with the U.S. political systems. There are many reservations within the state of Minnesota, and most Ojibwe people who live within these reservations identify with a specific community more than the reservation that they live on. Not all Ojibwe people live on reservations. Some people do not follow the Ojibwe traditions and live normal Minnesotan life. Each reservation has multiple places with clusters of different families, traditional chiefs, history and cultures practices. “Connection to place is a critical; surviving attribute of the Ojibwe culture,” which can still be seen on reservations today with a strong sense of community shown in many ways among the Ojibwe people in Minnesota (Treuer 60). Almost every community within the Minnesota reservations sponsors a powwow. A powwow is a ceremony that is filled with feasting, dancing, and singing. These powwow’s are proudly attended by most families within the Ojibwe communities along with many other visitors. The care and pride of a community are very evident and powerful at Ojibwe powwow’s. They bring to life the Ojibwe’s culture in the past and present with traditional dress, food, song/dance and special
Theda Perdue`s Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700-1835, is a book that greatly depicts what life had been like for many Native Americans as they were under European Conquering. This book was published in 1998, Perdue was influenced by a Cherokee Stomp Dance in northeastern Oklahoma. She had admired the Cherokee society construction of gender which she used as the subject of this book. Though the title Cherokee Women infers that the book focuses on the lives of only Cherokee women, Perdue actually shines light upon the way women 's roles affected the Native cultures and Cherokee-American relations. In the book, there is a focus on the way that gender roles affected the way different tribes were run in the 1700 and 1800`s.
This article’s title is “Inseparable Companions” and Irreconcilable Enemies: The Hurons and Odawas of French Detroit, 1701-38 and its author is Andrew Sturtevant. The thesis in this article is the sentence, “The Hurons ' and Odawas ' simmering hostility and eventual conflict demonstrate that native groups survived the Iroquois onslaught and that their interaction profoundly shaped the region”. In this article, Sturtevant is arguing that the Huron and Odawa are distinct nations with different culture and that because of the differences they had many disagreements, not simply because of the colonialism by the French. Sturtevant uses direct quotes from primary sources to show that the distinct nations fought because of their own differences,
Many people often forget about the native americans when it comes to the history of the United States. In fact much of its history revolves around them. In particular there are seven Indian Reservations just in Minnesota. The White Earth Indian Band is located in the North - Central region of Minnesota in the White Earth Reservation. It is located 68 miles east of Fargo, North Dakota and 225 miles Northwest of Minneapolis, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Native Americans who emigrated from Europe perceived the Indians as a friendly society with whom they dwelt with in harmony. While Native Americans were largely intensive agriculturalists and entrepreneurial in nature, the Indians were hunters and gatherers who earned a livelihood predominantly as nomads. By the 19th century, irrefutable territories i.e. the areas around River Mississippi were under exclusive occupation by the Indians. At the time, different Indian tribes such as the Chickasaws, Creeks, and Cherokees had adapted a sedentary lifestyle and practiced small-scale agriculture. According to the proponents of removal, the Indians were to move westwards into forested lands in order to generate additional space for development through agricultural production (Memorial of the Cherokee Indians).
Secondary Source Analysis In order to create his ideal Native American standing within the American Government, which includes the non-indigenous portion of the world acknowledging and understanding Native American issues with the United States and Internationally, Walter R. Echo-Hawk, in his A Context for Understanding Native American Issues, delves into the United State’s past Indian affairs as well as his goals for achieving this ideal. It is important to consider the author’s attitude towards the topic, his desired audience and the devices he used when analyzing the strength of his arguments. Echo-Hawk brings up the point, during the beginning of chapter two, that the general public is unaware of much of the happenings between the United
Hilary Weaver argues in her piece of writing; that identifying indigenous identity is complex, complicated, and hard to grasp when internalized oppression and colonization has turned Native Americans to criticize one another. Throughout the text, Weaver focuses on three main points which she calls, the three facets. Self-identification, community identification, and external identification are all important factors that make up Native American identity. The author uses a story she calls, “The Big game” to support her ideologies and arguments about the issue of identity. After reading the article, it’s important to realize that Native American’s must decide their own history and not leave that open for non-natives to write about.
I was raised in the Black Hills of South Dakota. I grew up with an awareness that Native Americans, or “Indians,” were a minority in my home town of Rapid City, South Dakota. But in school, my only real contact with the Lakota was in basketball tournaments like the Lakota National Invitational. My parents took me to the largest Pow Wow in Western South Dakota every year where we watched the beautiful grand entry dancers and listened to the awe-inspiring drummers and Lakota singers performing traditional music. Toward the end of my middle school years, my mom, a family physician, started taking me to the Pine Ridge Reservation once a summer to drive around the town, eat at Subway, which is one of the only restaurants in the expansive reservation,
Where Jacobson works with animalistic symbolism, Morrisseau expresses the Ojibway worldview within his work through the use of narratives. Morrisseau’s grandfather Potan was known as a Midewinini and Jissakan, a shaking tent seer, and was well versed in the traditional stories and teachings of his people. One aspect of the Ojibway world view is the importance of narrative, which was told by the elders of the community. These narratives “were instrumental in teaching about history and morality. The Ojibwa narratives were used to pass on knowledge,” (Wobodistch, 15)
Although Native Americans are characterized as both civilized and uncivilized in module one readings, their lifestyles and culture are observed to be civilized more often than not. The separate and distinct duties of men and women (Sigard, 1632) reveal a society that has defined roles and expectations based on gender. There are customs related to courtship (Le Clercq, 1691) that are similar to European cultures. Marriage was a recognized union amongst Native Americans, although not necessarily viewed as a serious, lifelong commitment like the Europeans (Heckewelder, 1819). Related to gender roles in Native American culture, Sigard writes of the Huron people that “Just as the men have their special occupation and understand wherein a man’s duty consists, so also the women and girls keep their place and perform quietly their little tasks and functions of service”.
That is a circle. From seed to harvest, the life of the Ojibway is full and it is sufficient. This is what you must tell my grandchildren’” (Broker 57). This shows how important the traditions were to Oona’s tribe.
They respected the earth and the animal people. A huge custom of the Ojibway people was when they would get assigned an animal. Even when Oona became a woman and started working on a farm they still practiced the old customs and the old way of
Alienating and Suppressing the Wild Thomas King’s A Short History of Indians in Canada introduces the effects of colonialism and bias established on indigenous peoples’ reputation through satire. King’s play on major metaphors and animal depiction of indigenous people paints an image of an abhorrent and gruesome history. Through moments of humour, King makes references to racial profiling, stereotypes and mistreatment as historically true. Thomas King utilizes industrialization versus the natural world to incorporate the effects of colonialism and how representing indigenous people as birds made them the spectacle of the civilized world. The colonizer dominance and power imbalance is evident and demonstrated often in the short story through
October 1, 1734 marks the date that Chickasaw tribe was attacked. This battle lead to the answer of how the paint horses got there markings. It all started when the Chickasaw tribe invaded the camps of the Cherokee Indians, and abducted the wife 's and kids of the Cherokees. The Chickasaw men were envious of the Cherokee men for their ability, to create strong families; considering, the Chickasaw men were unable to marry, due to a curse set upon them by the artisans in 400 BC. If the Chickasaw men wanted to break this curse they were to abduct the families in plain sight from the Cherokee men.
Mythical Origins The Iroquois people are one of the earliest cultures in American history, Their culture remains filled with an abundance of myths and legends that explain the nature of life itself. Their creation story, The World On Turtle 's Back, outlines not only the creation of Earth, but also the complex nature of people. The legend states that the Earth resided on the back of a great sea turtle, constituted first by a pregnant woman. The daughter of whom would birth the twins who would become the duality of deceit and order in every living being. This legend has been passed down through the generations, first through oral tradition and later translated to writing.
In his oration to Governor Isaac I. Stevens Chief Seattle, a Native American leader addresses the governor's request to buy Indian lands and create reservations. Through his oration Seattle boldly presents his stance on the issue of Indian lands, representing his people as a whole. On account for his native people Chief Seattle's stands up for their land through the use of imagery, parallels, and rhetorical questions. Chief Seattle communicates his purpose by using bold imagery that directs the audience to the cause that Seattle is speaking of. He uses metaphors and similes comparing aspects of nature to the issue at hand.